Ixesha y yimo YEZULU Zimbini iikhonsepthi ezihlala zibhidekile, kodwa eneneni zibhekisa kwiziganeko ezahlukeneyo zemeteorological. Oku kubhideka kuqhelekile kuba omabini la magama ahambelana neemeko zomoya, kodwa intsingiselo yawo kunye nobubanzi bayo bohlukile. Okulandelayo, siza kugocagoca umahluko phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu, sicacisa nganye yezi ngcamango kunye neempawu zazo ngokweenkcukacha.
Ngubani ixesha?
El ixesha ibhekisa kwimo yeatmosfera ngexesha nakwindawo ethile. Le ngcamango iquka izinto eziguquka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokubonwa ngamaxesha amafutshane, njengeentsuku okanye iiyure. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziphembelela ixesha ziquka:
- temperatura: Ushushu okanye ubanda kangakanani umoya?
- Ukufuma: Isixa somphunga wamanzi osemoyeni.
- Umoya: Ukushukuma kobuninzi bomoya emoyeni.
- Uxinzelelo lomoya: Ukunyanzeliswa kobunzima bomoya oseMhlabeni.
- Ubungakanani: Ukuwa kwamanzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengemvula, ikhephu okanye isichotho.
Ezi zinto zemozulu zibalulekile ekuqondeni i-meteorological phenomena enokuthi yenzeke ngequbuliso, njengezaqhwithi, iimvula ezinkulu, imbalela, okanye iintlekele zendalo ezinjengezaqhwithi kunye nezaqhwithi. Ngokomzekelo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuva uqikelelo olunjengelithi “kuya kuba nemvula namhlanje” okanye “kuya kubakho ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu,” ezithetha ngemozulu. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela imozulu exelwe ngayo, ungajonga yethu isikhokelo esipheleleyo soqikelelo.
Ithini imozulu?
El mozulu, kwelinye icala, ibhekisa kumndilili weemeko zomoya wendawo ethile kwithuba elide, ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu. Imozulu ichazwa ngoqwalaselo lwexesha elide kwaye iphawulwa ngentsingiselo yezinto ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, eziquka:
- Ubushushu obuphakathi: Umndilili wamaqondo obushushu kwithuba elithile.
- Ukwahluka kwemvula: Isixa sisonke samanzi esina njengemvula okanye ikhephu ngexesha elithile.
- Iipateni zomoya: I-avareji yezalathiso zomoya kunye nezantya.
- Ixesha lexesha: Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngokwamaxesha onyaka onyaka.
Ngokomzekelo, imozulu yommandla othile isenokuchazwa njengefudumeleyo, iqondo lobushushu, ibandayo, okanye isomile, nto leyo esivumela ukuba sikwazi ukuqikelela iimeko ezilindelekileyo kuloo mmandla kangangexesha elide. Umzekelo weklasikhi kukuba imozulu kwingingqi yeMeditera ibonakala ngobusika obupholileyo kunye nehlobo elishushu, elomileyo. Ukuqonda ngcono lo mahluko, unokufunda malunga uthini umahluko phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu
Umahluko phakathi kwemozulu kunye nemozulu unokushwankathelwa ngamanqaku aphambili aliqela:
- Isikhathi: Imozulu ibhekisa kwiimeko ezinokutshintsha ukusuka kwiyure ukuya kwiyure, ngelixa imozulu ibhekisa kwimiyinge yexesha elide.
- Uzinzo: Imozulu iyaguquguquka kwaye ayinakuqikelelwa, ngelixa imozulu izinzile kwaye inokuqikelelwa.
- Isikali: Ixesha lilinganiswa ngeeyure nangeentsuku, imozulu ngeminyaka namashumi eminyaka.
- Isimangalo: Ngelixa imozulu ibonwa imihla ngemihla (umzekelo, kwingqikelelo yemozulu), imozulu iphononongwa ngohlalutyo lwedatha yexesha elide yemozulu.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba sithi “kuyatshisa namhlanje,” sibhekisela kwimozulu, kodwa ukuba sithi “kushushu kulo mmandla ebudeni behlobo,” sibhekisela kwimozulu. Oku kuqonda kubalulekile kwimeteorology, njengoko kucacisiwe kwiphepha lethu umahluko phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu.
Izinto ezenza imozulu kunye nemozulu
Imozulu kunye nemozulu ziphenjelelwa zizinto ezintlanu ezisisiseko:
- Umoya: Ukuqulunqwa kweegesi ezijikeleze uMhlaba.
- I-hydrosphere: Amanzi oMhlaba, kuquka iilwandle, imilambo kunye namachibi.
- I-Cryosphere: Imimandla yomkhenkce nekhephu eMhlabeni.
- I-lithosphere: Umphezulu womhlaba kunye neempawu zawo zejoloji.
- Ibhayosphere: Iseti yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo kokusingqongileyo.
Ezi zinto zibalulekile ekufundeni iimeko zomoya kwaye zicazululwa nzulu kuphando olwahlukeneyo. Ngokuqonda indlela abasebenzisana ngayo, sinokuqikelela neempukane kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa ixesha kunye nemozulu
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imozulu kunye nokwenza uqikelelo oluchanekileyo:
- Ithemometha: Ilinganisa ubushushu bomoya ngexesha elithile.
- IBarometer: Ilinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kwaye inceda ukuqikelela utshintsho kwimozulu.
- I-Anemometer: Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya somoya.
- IPluviometer: Ilinganisa umthamo wemvula ngohlobo lwemvula okanye ikhephu.
- Vane: Ibonisa icala oya ngakulo umoya.
Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile kwiingcali zemozulu, ezihlalutya idatha eqokelelweyo ukwenza uqikelelo lwemozulu kunye neentsingiselo zemozulu. Ukongeza, ukuqonda ngcono impembelelo ye kutshintsha kwe mozulu, kubalulekile ukulinganisa le miba ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu
Ukuwuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu kubalulekile, kungekuphela nje ngokwembono yenzululwazi, kodwa nakubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Izigqibo esizenzayo yonke imihla, njengempahla esiyinxibayo, izinto esizicebayo, okanye izityalo esizilimayo, ziphenjelelwa yindlela esilijonga ngayo ixesha nemozulu. Ukubhideka phakathi kwezi zimbini kunokuba neziphumo, njengoko kuphawuliwe kuphononongo lwethu lwe imozulu ngeKrisimesi.
Ngaphezu koko, utshintsho lwemozulu lwangoku lubonisa imfuneko yokuqonda indlela iinguqu zexesha elifutshane (imozulu) ezinokuchaphazela ngayo iipatheni zexesha elide (imozulu). Olu lwazi lubalulekile kwezolimo, ucwangciso lwedolophu kunye nolawulo lwemithombo yendalo, phakathi kwezinye, njengoko kubonisiwe kwicandelo lethu elijongene nalo kwisamithi yemozulu yeCOP28.
Izinto eziphembelela imozulu
Imozulu yendawo igqitywa liqela lezinto, eziquka:
- Ubude: Ichaphazela ubungakanani bemitha yelanga efunyanwa ngummandla, ichaphazela imozulu yawo.
- Ukuphakama: Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, amaqondo obushushu athande ukuba ngaphantsi.
- Umgama oya elwandle: Iindawo ezikufutshane neendawo ezinkulu zamanzi zikholisa ukuba nemozulu ephakathi.
- Ukuma kweentaba: Inokuba nefuthe kubungakanani bemvula efunyanwa ngummandla.
- Imisinga yolwandle: Imisinga yolwandle inokuwatshintsha amaqondo obushushu aselunxwemeni.
- Isalathiso somoya: Iindlela zomoya zinokuthwala umoya ofudumeleyo okanye obandayo, ochaphazela amaqondo obushushu.
Ukuqonda ezi zinto zibalulekile ukulindela utshintsho kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nendlela ezinokuchaphazela ngayo ubomi eMhlabeni. Ukujonga ngakumbi malunga nokuba iimeko zemozulu ziyichaphazele njani imbali, jonga icandelo lethu utshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu.
Ukwahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi kwemozulu nemozulu kusenza siqonde ngakumbi indlela esisebenza ngayo isijikelezi-langa sethu nendlela izigqibo esizenzayo ezinokubuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bethu nemekobume ngokubanzi.
