I-ozone ye-Tropospheric ithathe ukutsiba okuxhalabisayo eSpain emva kwehlobo elishushu ngokungaqhelekanga, nge amaza amabini obushushu obude ezithe zathanda ukusekwa kwayo. Uhlalutyo lwezikhululo ezimalunga nama-500 ezisemthethweni zibeka u-2025 ngawona manqanaba aphakamileyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, imeko ebuyisela amandla angaphambi kobhubhani kwaye ibeka ujoliso emva impilo yoluntu.
Ngaphandle kweencopho ezithile, umthwalo wezempilo ubalulekile: I-Arhente yeNdawo yaseYurophu iqikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10.000 lokufa ngaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka kwilizwe lethu elinxulumene ne-ozone, kwaye i-Carlos III Health Institute ibalwe kweli hlotyeni ukusweleka okungaphezulu kwe-3.840 okudityaniswe nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nomgangatho womoya ophantsi, kunye tropospheric ozone njengomntu ophambili.
Amaza obushushu, iirekhodi kunye namanani abalulekileyo
Ingxelo ka I-ecologistas en Acción, esekelwe kwidatha ukususela ngoJanuwari 1 ukuya kuSeptemba 30, ithatha njengesalathiso kwithagethi entsha ye-European Union esebenzayo kwi-2030. Ngaloo bar, Iimitha ezili-12 zeemilon ze-personas umoya ophefumlelweyo ongahambelani nesi sikhokelo kwixesha leminyaka emithathu 2023-2025; ngexabiso elisemthethweni lisasebenza, inani lehla laya kutsho malunga nezigidi ezisi-8. Ukuba umgaqo ongqongqo kakhulu we-WHO uyasetyenziswa, ukuchaneka kuyafikelela Abemi abali-47 lezigidi, phantse bonke abantu.
I-2025 iphinde ivelele ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweziqendu: kude kube nguSeptemba 30, I-320 yogqithiso lomda wolwazi, inani eliphezulu ukususela ngo-2015, kunye ne-frequency yokugqithisa i-5% ephezulu kunomlinganiselo we-2012-2019. Ezi zincopho zazigxininiswe ikakhulu kwiNtlalo yaseMadrid kunye neCatalonia ngeentsuku ezishushu kakhulu. iziqendu ze-ozone zikhula rhoqo kwaye zinde.
I-ozone yomgangatho ophantsi ayikhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo: yi ungcoliseko lwesibini ethi ivele xa imitha yelanga isebenza kwizinto ezandulelayo ezifana nenitrogen oxides ezindleleni, iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo ezisuka kwimizi-mveliso nakwizinto ezinyibilikayo, kunye nemethane edityaniswe nokufuywa ngamandla kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma. Yiyo loo nto incopho yayo entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kunye nempembelelo yayo enkulu imimandla yasezidolophini neyasemaphandleni iphenjelelwa yimisi ekhutshwa ezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso.
Ngokwemimandla, i Uluntu lwaseMadrid Ungcoliseko lwe-ozone luphezulu kuluhlu, phantse zonke izikhululo ezingaphezulu kwethagethi entsha yaseYurophu. Enye into eyandayo yayiyiAndalusia, unxweme lweMeditera (iZiqithi zeBalearic, iCatalonia, iNgingqi yaseMurcia neMelilla), iCastile neLeón neExtremadura; nangona kunjalo, ukuncipha kwafunyaniswa I-Ebro Valley, unxweme lwaseCantabrian, Castilla-La Mancha, Uluntu lwaseValencian kunye neZiqithi zaseCanary.
Ngexesha leminyaka emithathu 2023-2025, Imimandla eli-26 I-Andalusia, iZiqithi zaseBalearic, iCastilla-La Mancha, iCatalonia, i-Valencian Community, i-Extremadura, i-Community of Madrid kunye neNgingqi yase-Murcia ayiphumelelanga ukuhlangabezana nokujoliswe kuyo ngokusemthethweni. Ukuba umgangatho omtsha we-2030 uyasetyenziswa, imephu iya kwanda ukuya kwindawo ezingamashumi amathathu Abemi abali-18 lezigidi echaphazelekayo
Impembelelo yezempilo, ulawulo loluntu kunye noko kucetywayo
Ukuphefumla i-ozone yonakalisa inkqubo yokuphefumula kunye ne-cardiovascular system, kwaye idibaniswe nemiphumo ye-neurological. ICarlos III Health Institute inxulumanisa i-O3 nayo yonke indawo 23.000 ukwamkelwa ngokungxamisekileyo ngonyaka, kwaye phakathi kwabo phezu 65, akhawunti inxalenye enkulu utyelelo losulelo umgudu wokuphefumla phezulu. Ezona ntsuku zishushu ezinomoya ozinzile zezona zibalulekileyo.
Impendulo yeziko ayikho kule ngxaki, ngokutsho kwe-NGO: izilumkiso ezingonelanga kunye nokungabikho kwemigaqo esebenzayo. Ngo-2025, oorhulumente abanje ngeAragon, Asturias, Extremadura, kunye neLizwe laseBasque abazange bakhuphe zilumkiso ngaphandle kokudlula imida, ngelixa abanye abantu bezithintele kunxibelelwano lwesiqhelo kunye nokusasazwa okulinganiselweyo.
Kwinqanaba lolawulo, imvume engxamisekileyo a Isicwangciso seSizwe se-Ozone, emva kweminyaka yomsebenzi wokulungiselela, kunye nophuhliso lwezicwangciso zengingqi kwiingingqi ezingekabinazo. Kukwakho nezigwebo zenkundla ezikhuthaza ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yomgangatho womoya esebenzayo ukusukela ngo-2010, iinjongo ezinzima ngakumbi sele ivunyiwe kwi-2030 kwinqanaba laseYurophu.
Yintoni eyayiza kusebenza? Ukunciphisa i-precursors ngundoqo: i-traffic encinci yemoto kunye Iindawo ezikhupha into ephantsi okusebenzayo, ukufakelwa kombane kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ukutshintshwa kwezinyibilikisi eziphilayo ngamanzi, ukonga umbane, ukusasazwa ngocwangco kwezinto ezinokuhlaziywa, iindawo zolawulo lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwiMeditera nakuMntla-mpuma weAtlantiki, kunye nokurhafiswa kokusingqongileyo kwedizili nokubhabha. Kwakhona zicetywayo i-compost biowaste kunye nokumiswa kweefama ezinkulu ezintsha ukuba ziqulathe imethane.
I-ozone nayo ithatha umngcipheko wayo intsimi kunye ne-ecosystems: Xa ingena nge-stomata, yonakalisa izicubu zezityalo, inciphisa isivuno kwaye ibambezele ukukhula kwehlathi. Izifundo zaseYurophu zilinganise ilahleko kwizityalo ezinje ngengqolowa kunye neetapile, kwaye zabeka iSpain kunye neYurophu esemazantsi phakathi kwezona ndawo zisesichengeni ngenxa yemitha ephezulu kunye nobude bexesha. iziqendu zasehlotyeni.
