Ichweba laseGuadalquivir liye laba yindawo ephambili kwingxoxo-mpikiswano ngemeko-bume nezopolitiko eAndalusia emva kokukhululwa kwe Izifundo ezintsha zesayensi zibonisa ungcoliseko olukhulu lwesinyithi esinzima olunxulumene umsebenzi wemigodiUphando lukhomba ngokukodwa ekukhutshweni kwemisebenzi yokwemba emigodini Cobre Las Cruces kunye neprojekthi AbaFriars e-Aznalcóllar, kwaye bayazibuza ngokuthe ngqo ngeemvume zokulahla inkunkuma ezinikwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ngaxeshanye, Oomasipala baseRiverside, imibutho yezolimo neyokuloba, kunye namaqela okusingqongileyo bagqibe ekubeni bathathe elinye inyathelo baze bayise le ngxaki kwiOfisi yoMtshutshisi weNdalo.Ingxoxo igxile ekubeni kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene nezixhobo zamanzi kunye nempilo yoluntu. Eyona nto iphambili kule ngxoxo bubuthathaka bomlambo obaluleke kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo, imisebenzi yezoqoqosho emlonyeni wawo, kunye nomfanekiso womlambo onxulumene kakhulu nembali yaseAndalusia.
Umjelo wolwandle osengozini kunye nomthunzi wesinyithi esinzima
Ngokwesifundo sakutshanje esivezwe kwi- Universidad de Sevilla, ubukho be iintsimbi ezinzima ezinobungozi kakhulu nokuba ziphantsi kakhulu Oku kwenza ichweba laseGuadalquivir libe yindawo ebuthathaka kakhulu. Abaphandi bagxininisa ukuba ukudibana kokuhamba kwamanzi aphantsi emilanjeni, amaza amakhulu, kunye nexesha elide lokuhlala emanzini kuvumela ukuba ungcoliseko luhlale luvaleleke kwinkqubo.
Izigqibo zalo msebenzi, ezipapashwe kwijenali UVavanyo lweNdawo eDityanisiweyo kunye noLawulo, babonisa ukuba Iintsalela ezikwicandelo elingaphakathi lechweba lomlambo - phakathi kwedama laseAlcalá del RÃo kunye neLa Puebla del RÃo, malunga - zingcoliswe kakhulu ziintsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, i-copper, i-arsenic, kunye ne-nickel.Ezi zinto beziza kuqokelelana kangangeminyaka ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwamanzi acociweyo avela kumgodi weCobre Las Cruces, oqhutywe ukususela ngo-2009.
Inqaku lesayensi lithi, kunye Imida ephezulu yokukhupha amanzi evumelekileyo ithetha ukuba amakhulu eekhilogram zeesinyithi ezinokuba yingozi ziya kungena echwebeni lomlambo minyaka le.Ababhali bagxininisa ukuba iimodeli zokusingqongileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiNgxelo yeMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo (i-EIS) zidla ngokucinga ukuba iintsimbi ziyanyibilika kwaye zinyibilike ngokukhawuleza, zishiya umngxuma wolwandle usiya kwiGulf of Cadiz, imeko engaxhaswa bubungqina obukhoyo.
Iindlela zokwenyani zomlambo iGuadalquivir ziya kuba nzima kakhuluIintsimbi ezitshajiweyo kakuhle zinamathela kwiinxalenye ezitshajiweyo kakubi, ezifana nodongwe okanye izinto eziphilayo. Ezi nxalenye zihlala phantsi, kwaye ngenxa yamandla olwandle, zinokuphinda zixhonywe kwaye zithwalwe phezulu, nto leyo eyonyusa ixesha lokubakho kwezinto ezingcolisayo kwaye inyuse ukuvezwa kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
Imisebenzi yangaphambili, epapashwe kwiijenali ezifana nezi INcwadana yoNgcoliseko lwaseLwandle, babesele bebonisile ukuba Iintsimbi azinyibiliki zingenabungozi, kodwa zigqibela ziqokelelana ezantsi komlomo womlambo nakwiindawo ezimdaka zomlambo.Olu qokelelo lubangela impembelelo enokubakho ye-chain reaction kwiintlanzi, iintaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, nakubantu abatya iimveliso ezivela kuloo ndawo.
Uphando lweYunivesithi xa kuthelekiswa nokugunyaziswa okusemthethweni
Inqaku elitsha kwi UVavanyo lweNdawo eDityanisiweyo kunye noLawuloOlu phononongo, olubizwa ngokubanzi ngokuthi "Ngokukhutshwa Kwemigodi Novavanyo Lwendalo Emachwebeni," luthatha inyathelo eliya phambili kwaye Uchaza iimodeli ezisetyenziswa ziinkampani kunye nolawulo njenge "ezilula." ukugunyazisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuMlambo iGuadalquivir. Ugxeko oluphambili kukuba olu vavanyo aluyihlanganisi ngokwaneleyo indima yenkunkuma, i-biota, okanye iziphumo eziqokelelweyo nezihambelanayo zokukhutshwa kwamanzi okwenzeka kwindawo enye.
Olu phando, olubhalwe ziingcali ezivela kwiiyunivesithi zase ISeville, iCadiz kunye neGranadakugqiba kwelokuba Umngcipheko onxulumene nongcoliseko lwemigodi ngokucacileyo awuthathelwa ngqalelo.Kuhlalutyo lwabo, bagxininisa ukuba umqhubi ngamnye ulungiselele ukukhutshwa kwakhe ngokungathi kukuphela kwakhe, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela impembelelo edibeneyo neyezinye izibonelelo, ngakumbi ukukhutshwa okwenziwe yiCobre Las Cruces kunye noko kucwangcisiweyo yiprojekthi yeLos Frailes de Aznalcóllar.
Ababhali bagxininisa ukuba Iingxelo zeMpembelelo kwiNdalo ezivunyiweyo nguRhulumente weSithili sase-Andalusia aziyi kusekelwa kulwazi olwaneleyo lwesayensi malunga nendlela eziziphatha ngayo iintsimbi ezinzima kwindawo exubeneyo enzulu nenetyuwa efana neGuadalquivir.Ngokutsho komnye woonjingalwazi ababandakanyekayo, ii-DIA zisekelwe kwingcinga yokuba ungcoliseko luyanyibilika ngokungathi iglasi yamanzi anetyuwa igalelwe ebhafini, into abayicinga ukuba ayihambelani nolwazi olufumanekayo lwe-hydrodynamic kunye ne-geochemical.
Ukupapashwa kwimagazini efana IEAM, epapashwe yiSociety of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) kunye I-Oxford University PressKwakhona kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi udlule kwi-a Inkqubo yokuphononongwa koontanga engqongqo, engaboniyo kabini, eneemfuno zobuchule bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokuqina kwendlela yokusebenzaOlu hlobo lwenqaku luhlala luqwalaselwa kwiingxelo ezivela kwiiarhente zaseYurophu nezelizwe, nto leyo eyandisa ukubaluleka kwalo ekwenzeni izigqibo.
Kule meko, abaphandi abaninzi abavela Universidad de Sevilla Bayigcina loo nto Iimvume zokukhupha abantu ezinikwe uCobre Las Cruces kunye noLos Frailes azinasiseko siqinileyo sesayensiBakholelwa ukuba impembelelo ekulobeni, ekufuyweni kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, ekufuyweni kwemfuyo ebonelelwa kule ndawo, nakwizolimo ezinkcenkceshelwa ngamanzi avela echwebeni ayikavavanywa ngokwaneleyo.
Ingxelo yokungqubana: izazinzulu zahlukene kwaye iinkampani zizimisele ukuzikhusela
Ingxoxo ayipheleli nje phakathi kweeyunivesithi kunye nolawulo. Ngaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yaseSeville ngokwayo, kuye kwavela izimvo ezinezigqibo eziphikisanayo.Ingxelo esayinwe ngoonjingalwazi uNavarrete Rubia kunye noRomero González, abavela kwiNdawo yoBunjineli beeKhemikhali zeNdalo, ithi umsebenzi weCobre Las Cruces phakathi kowama-2021 nowama-2024 Ibingayi kuba nefuthe elibi kumgangatho wamanzi okanye kwintlenga kwindawo echaphazeleka kukukhutshelwa kwamanzi acociweyo..
Le ngxelo, ilungiselelwe liqela elivela kwiSikolo soBugcisa obuPhakamileyo soBunjineli elinxulumene ne Umbutho woPhando kunye neNtsebenziswano kwiShishini laseAndalusia (AICIA)Oku kuqinisekisa ngakumbi ibali lenkampani ngokwayo kunye noRhulumente weSithili sase-Andalusia. Abanye abaphandi ababandakanyekayo kwizifundo ezibalulekileyo babonisa ukuba abakafumani lungelo lipheleleyo kuloo msebenzi. kwaye bafuna ukukwazi ukuvavanya indlela esebenza ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.
Inkampani iCobre Las Cruces, yona, ikhusele esidlangalaleni loo nto. Izinto ezikhutshwayo zikhuselekile kokusingqongileyo kwaye ziyahambelana nendawo ezifumaneka kuyo.Le nkampani ithi kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-15, uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo luye lwenziwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo echwebeni lomlambo kwaye ezi ziphumo zithunyelwa kulawulo lwengingqi ukuze lujongwe.
Ngokwenguqulelo yabo, ulawulo lwamanzi luhambelana nemigaqo kwaye luxhomekeke Ulawulo oluzimeleyo oluya kuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwempembelelo ebalulekileyo echwebeniKwangaxeshanye, inkampani igxininisa ukuba isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma kuhambelana nemida egunyazisiweyo, into izifundo ezibalulekileyo eziyithatha njengenganelanga kwimeko-bume enobuzaza kangaka.
La IBhodi yeAndalasi uyavumelana nale ngongoma aze aphinde athi Umgodi omtsha waseLos Frailes eAznalcóllar yiprojekthi eyahlukileyo kuleyo yabangela intlekele ka-1998.Ingaphantsi komhlaba, ayinamachibi enkunkuma, kwaye uyilo lwayo, ngokutsho korhulumente wengingqi, lunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba kwenzeke isiganeko esifanayo. Ngaphezu koko, igxininisa ubukho besicwangciso sokubeka esweni "esipheleleyo nesibanzi kakhulu", kunye namashumi amawaka ohlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi.
Oomasipala kunye namaqela aseRiverside baya kwiOfisi yoMtshutshisi
Njengoko iingxelo zidibana, Amabhunga edolophu yaseChipiona, eCoria del RÃo, eTrebujena naseSanlúcar de Barrameda agqibe ekubeni aye kwiOfisi yoMtshutshisi woLuntu yaseSeville.Ixhaswa yimibutho efana ne-FACUA, i-COAG, i-Ecologistas en Acción, i-Greenpeace, i-Salvemos el Guadalquivir okanye i-Red Andaluza de la Nueva Cultura del Agua, bafuna ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho olunokwenzeka lwendalo olunxulumene nongcoliseko lwesinyithi kwinkqubo ye-Agrio-Guadiamar-Guadalquivir luphandwe.
Usodolophu waseChipiona, ULuis Mario Aparcerosele efake isikhalazo kwiOfisi yoMtshutshisi weNdalo ngenkxaso ka Iingxelo ezivela kubaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseSevilleIngcinga kukuba abanye oomasipala kunye namaqumrhu angajoyina eli phulo okanye aqalise amanyathelo abo asemthethweni, besoloko benenjongo yokucacisa uxanduva kunye nokucela amanyathelo okhuseleko malunga nokuchitheka kwenkunkuma.
Iingxelo ezikhutshwe ngamabhunga esixeko zigxininisa ukuba Ayisiyompilo yechweba kuphela esengozini, kodwa ikwakho nemisebenzi emininzi enxulumene nokuloba, ukulima emanzini, ezolimo ezinkcenkceshelwayo kunye nokhenketho. emlonyeni woMlambo iGuadalquivir. Amacandelo anobuzaza ngakumbi, afana nabaqokeleli beentlanzi, imibutho yabalobi, kunye nabavelisi bezolimo, bavakalise inkxalabo malunga nomfanekiso womlambo kunye nempembelelo enokubakho kumgangatho wokutya.
Abameli bakamasipala bayazisola ngaloo nto Bebesoloko becela iminyaka ukuba kumiswe imvume entsha yokwembiwa kwemigodi kunye notshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuvumela ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma. ngaphandle kokuva. Phakathi kwezicelo zabo kukwakho nokudalwa kwekhomishini ezimeleyo edibanisa iingcali ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezahlulwe kumaqela aqeshwe ziinkampani ezichaphazelekayo.
Kumsitho obubanjelwe kwiRectorate yeYunivesithi yaseSeville, oosodolophu kunye nabameli bezokusingqongileyo abavela kulo mngxuma baphinde bathi Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lufuna iziqinisekiso ezicacileyo malunga nokhuseleko lwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nempilo yechweba lomlambo.Bakwafuna ukuba iSeprona, iCSIC kunye neminye imibutho karhulumente yonyuse uhlolo ukuze kususwe amathandabuzo malunga nemeko yokwenyani yenkqubo yendalo yomlambo.
Impembelelo kwimisebenzi yezempilo yoluntu kunye nezoqoqosho
Izifundo zesayensi ezibalulekileyo zibonisa imeko engaphaya kokonakaliswa kwendalo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, Ukuqokelelana kweentsimbi ezinzima kwi-sediment nakwizinto eziphilayo kunokuvuselela iinkqubo ze-bioaccumulation kunye ne-biomagnification kwi-food chain.Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba iintlanzi, iimollusk, iintaka, kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezitya echwebeni lomlambo zinokuqokelela ubuninzi bokungcola kwizicubu zazo.
Ukusuka apho, Umngcipheko udluliselwa kubantu abatya iintlanzi, iintlanzi ezinamagqabi, okanye imfuyo kunye neemveliso zezolimo ezidityaniswe noMlambo iGuadalquivir.Ezi zifundo zikhankanya uphando lwangaphambili kulo mmandla oludibanisa ukuchatshazelwa rhoqo ziintsimbi ezithile neengxaki zempilo, njengomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wesinyi okanye iziphumo ezinokubakho ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo kwabantwana.
Le mpembelelo inokubakho kwimpilo idityaniswe nomlinganiselo obalulekileyo kwezentlalo noqoqosho. Iingcali zilumkisa ukuba Ingxaki yokuthembana kumgangatho wokusingqongileyo wechweba lomlambo inokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthengiswa kweentlanzi, ukulima iintlanzi kunye neemveliso zezolimo.ukongeza ekonakalisa umfanekiso wabakhenkethi womda wonxweme apho umlambo ungena khona kwiAtlantiki.
Kwicandelo elifana nokuloba ngobugcisa kunye nokuvunwa kweembaza, ingxaki ethile sele iyabonakala. Imibutho efana neFederation of Fishermen's Guilds of Cádiz, iFishermen's Guild of Sanlúcar, kunye nemibutho yabaqokeleli beembaza abavela kwiifama zeentlanzi baye bathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiintlanganiso. isilumkiso sokuba naluphi na urhano malunga nongcoliseko lunokunciphisa iimarike ezixhomekeke ekuthembekeni kwabathengi.
Ihlabathi lezolimo nalo alishiywanga ngaphandle. I-COAG-AndalucÃa kunye namanye amaqela abavelisi bagxininisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yeefama ezikuloo ndawo zisebenzisa amanzi adityaniswe nomngxuma womlambo ukunkcenkceshela okanye ukusela imfuyo.Ukwehla komgangatho wamanzi kunokubangela imiqathango, iindleko ezongezelelweyo zonyango, okanye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, ukungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iindawo ezithile.
Ibango lokurhoxiswa kwemithetho, ikomiti ezimeleyo kunye nolawulo olukhulu
Ngenxa yesi simo, uluntu lwezenzululwazi oluye lwathatha inxaxheba kwizifundo zeGuadalquivir lugxininisa ekusebenziseni umgaqo wokhuselekoEnye yeengcebiso zabo eziphambili kukuba ukuwisa umthetho wokuba kumiswe ngoko nangoko ukukhutshwa kwemigodi emitsha echwebeni de kucace ukuba ungcoliseko lokwenyani lungakanani kwaye uvavanyo lwempembelelo aluhlaziywa ngeemodeli ezidibanisa i-sediment, i-biota, kunye nemiphumo yokusebenzisana.
Abaphandi baphakamisa Qinisa ukubekwa esweni kweentsimbi kwinkunkuma, kwizilwanyana nakumanzikunye neephulo zokuthatha iisampulu ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neendlela ezithelekiswayo kwinqanaba laseYurophu. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komgaqo wokungawohloki Umkhombandlela weSakhelo saManzi, nto leyo enyanzela amazwe angamalungu e-EU ukuba akhusele kwaye aphucule imeko yeendawo zawo zamanzi.
Kwinqanaba leziko, ukudalwa kwe ikomiti ezimeleyo yeengcali, engachaphazelekiyo zizilangazelelo ezithe ngqo zeenkampani kwaye exhaswa zizifundoukuba ihlalutye idatha ekhoyo kwaye yenze uphando olongezelelekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Iziphumo zayo mazisebenze njengesiseko sokuhlaziya iimvume zokukhupha abenzi bobubi, kwaye apho kufanelekileyo, itshintshe iimeko ezibekwe kwimisebenzi yokwemba.
Uxanduva lwezinye zezi zigqibo luxhomekeke ku UMphathiswa wezoTshintsho lweNdalo kunye neGuadalquivir River Basin Authority (CHG)La maqumrhu kufuneka athathe isigqibo malunga nemvume yamanzi kunye neemvume zokukhupha amanzi ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezifana nokuvulwa kwakhona kwe-Aznalcóllar. Oomasipala abaninzi kunye namaqela sele befuna ukuba le mibutho ikhuphe iingxelo ezicacileyo, nangona okwangoku iimpendulo zincinci.
Kwicandelo lengingqi, ICandelo loLawulo Jikelele lezeMpilo yoLuntu kuRhulumente weSithili sase-Andalusia labhengeza ngo-2025 ukuba kukho ukubekwa esweni okuthe ngqo kongcoliseko lwesinyithi emlanjeni.Nangona kunjalo, akukho ziphumo ziqinisekileyo eziye zavezwa eluntwini okwangoku. Oku kunqongophala kolwazi kukhuthaza ukungaqiniseki phakathi kweendawo ezikufutshane nomlambo kunye namacandelo ezoqoqosho axhomekeke ngqo kwimeko entle yomlambo.
Ngokubanzi, ingxabano ejikeleze Ungcoliseko lwemigodi yoMlambo iGuadalquivir lubonisa ukungavisisani phakathi kokuzibophelela kwimisebenzi yokukhupha amanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kwenkqubo yendalo ebaluleke kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, impilo yoluntu, kunye noqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni.Ngelixa iinkampani kunye nolawulo zikhusela iinkqubo zazo zolawulo, uphando lwezemfundo kunye neemfuno ezivela koomasipala abakunxweme zifuna ukuba kuthathwe inyathelo eliya phambili, kuphononongwe ngokupheleleyo iimodeli ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye kubekwe phambili ukhuseleko lomlambo oluhlala luyinxalenye ephambili yendalo kunye nobomi kumazantsi eSpain.
