El kutshintsha kwe mozulu Yingxaki yehlabathi echaphazela kakhulu imiba eyahlukeneyo yobomi emhlabeni, kunye nefuthe layo kuqoqosho lwelizwe. EUnited States Iyothusa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba xa kuthathwa amanyathelo asebenzayo, IUnited States inokuphulukana nobona butyebi bukhulu kwimbali yayo. Njengoko impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu isanda, imingeni yezoqoqosho iya isanda, ngakumbi malunga nokungalingani kunye nobuhlwempu.
Idatha ibonisa ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwamazwe aseMazantsi naseMbindi-ntshona uya kuba banzi, awuchaphazeli kuphela ubutyebi besizwe, kodwa nomgangatho wobomi bezigidi zabantu baseMelika. Yintoni enokwenzeka kuqoqosho lwase-US ukuba akukho ngenelelo olufanelekileyo?
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nobudlelwane bayo nobuhlwempu
Uphononongo olubalulekileyo oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, olwenziwe ngumphandi USolomon Hsiang, ityhila ukuba i Ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse qhubeka ngomlinganiselo wangoku, Sinokubona olona gqithiselo lukhulu lobutyebi ukusuka kwabahluphekayo ukuya kwizityebi kwimbali yaseMelika. Ngokohlalutyo, isahlulo sesithathu esihluphekayo sengingqi sinokuchaphazeleka kumonakalo wezoqoqosho olingana nokuya kuthi ga I-20% yengeniso yabo ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuyaqhubeka. Lo mcimbi ukwanxulumene nendlela ulondolozo lwezolimo inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umahluko kwiimpembelelo kwingingqi ngumba obalulekileyo ukuba uqondwe.
Iqela lophando likwaqikelela ukuba iqondo elinye le-Fahrenheit liyenyuka kumaqondo obushushu amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi inokumela ilahleko emalunga I-0,7% yesambuku semveliso yasekhaya (GDP). Iqondo ngalinye elongezelelweyo lokufudumala liya kwandisa iindleko zezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza, ukugqamisa imfuno ukuqonda ezi yantlukwano ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Iindleko zangoku kunye noqikelelo lwexesha elizayo
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ibe yinto ebonakalayo kwaye iyingozi. Ingxelo yakutshanje karhulumente ibonisa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu sele luxabisa uqoqosho lwase-US malunga $ 150.000 yezigidi ngonyaka. Eli nani, elibonisa ubukhulu bale ngxaki, libonisa ukuba ngowe-1980, elo lizwe lalithwaxwa yintlekele yemozulu rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezine; Okwangoku, kukho enye rhoqo kwiiveki ezintathu.
Phakathi kwe-2018 kunye ne-2022, kwabhalwa Iintlekele zendalo ezingama-89 ezindleko zazo zigqithise kwibhiliyoni enye yeedola. Ezi ziganeko ziquka imbalela, izandyondyo zemvula, izaqhwithi ezinzima kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu. IFlorida, iTexas, iCalifornia kunye neNorth Carolina ziye zachongwa njengawona mazwe achaphazeleka kakhulu kwezi ntlekele, ezinokuthelekiswa nobunyani bomhlaba. ukunyuka komphakamo wolwandle eMiami. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlekele kunye notshintsho kwimekobume buyabonakala, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunokuchaphazela izixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo luyothusa. Imeko iya kuba baluleke ngakumbi ukuba izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi aziphunyezwa. I izixeko ezingaselunxwemeni, ngokukodwa, iya kujongana nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo, kubandakanywa nesidingo sokugxotha abemi babo ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle. Ukuzivavanya kubalulekile ekuqondeni ifuthe lezoqoqosho.
Impembelelo kukungalingani kwezoqoqosho
Ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho e-US kunokuba mandundu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokoqikelelo, i uluntu ngemibala, abasele bejongene nobunzima bezentlalo nezoqoqosho, baya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu zenza mandundu ukungalingani okukhoyo, kudala umjikelo owonakalisayo apho abona bantu basemngciphekweni bahlupheka kakhulu. Lo mcimbi uba mandundu xa siqwalasela oko iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ziya zibonakala kwaye zixhalabile kwaye ukuba iintlango ezisengozini Kwakhona bafumana utshintsho oluphawulekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxelo ye-IPCC iphinda ilumkise ukuba ifuthe lezehlo zemozulu ezimbi aziyi kuchaphazela nje uluntu olusengozini kodwa luya kuba nemiphumo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokunciphisa i-GDP yehlabathi phakathi 7% kunye ne-10% ngo-2050, ngelahleko enkulu kumazwe aliqela, kuquka iUnited States. Njengoko le meko iguquka, imfuneko yokulungelelanisa, njengoko kuboniswa yi ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yendalo, iba yimfuneko.
Utyalo-mali olutsha kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla
Ukujongana nale mingeni, ulawulo lwangoku luphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yotyalo-mali lwamandla acocekileyo. I UMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lentengo, umzekelo, kujoliswe ukwandisa imithombo yamandla acocekileyo kunye nokulwa nemiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Le migaqo-nkqubo ayifuni nje ukunciphisa umonakalo, kodwa inamandla okudala imisebenzi emitsha kunye namathuba ezoqoqosho. Ukubaluleka kwe utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo ibalulekile kwikamva lelizwe, ingakumbi xa siqwalasela oko INew York iyakuyeka ukutyala imali kwii-fossil fuels.
Kutshanje, urhulumente ubhengeze utyalo-mali olutsha oluxabisa 6.000 iidola ezigidi ukuqinisa ukomelela kwezixeko kwiintlekele zokusingqongileyo. Iinzame ezinjalo zibalulekile ukuphucula izibonelelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu luyakwazi ukumelana neentlekele ezizayo, ngakumbi kumxholo iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ikamva lokutshintsha kwemozulu eUnited States
Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubela phambili, uqikelelo lukhomba ekuqinisweni kweziganeko ezigqithisileyo, okuthetha ukuba iindleko zoqoqosho ziya kuqhubeka zinyuka. Ngaphandle kwenyathelo eliqinisekileyo nelizinzileyo, imeko ejongene ne-United States inokuba yingozi.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kuqoqosho lwase-US alukho nje umba wokusingqongileyo, kodwa kunye nobulungisa bezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Indlela ilizwe elisabela ngayo kule ngxaki ayizukumisela kuphela ikamva layo lezoqoqosho, kodwa nomgangatho wobomi bezigidi zabemi balo. Amanyathelo athathiweyo namhlanje, kunye noqikelelo, luya kubaluleka ekwakheni ikamva elizinzileyo nelinobulungisa. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nempilo yezoqoqosho kufuneka ibe yinto ephambili.
