Las amaza obushushu Ziya kuba qatha ngakumbi kwaye zixhaphake kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kwaye kuloo mimandla sele zivela kuyo, ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngonyaka, ziya kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwixesha elizayo. Njengoko ulwandle luya lufudumala, kuya kuba nzima ukufunyanwa intlanzi ekhoyo, njengoko amanani abo aya kuncipha, into esele yenzeka kwi ulwandle lwe-tasman. Oku kuhambelana ne iimpembelelo eziveliswa ngamaza obushushu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwesihloko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda i utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nobudlelwane bayo nobushushu behlabathi.
Ngexesha lokugqibela lasehlotyeni, ubushushu obuthatha iintsuku ezingama-251 inyuse ubushushu bamanzi phantse ngamadigri amathathu, ngokukodwa kwi 2,9ºC. Oku kunyuka kubangele ukwehla okubonakalayo kwimveliso yefama yesalmon, kunye nokwanda kokusweleka kwembatyisi kunye ne-abalone. Ukongeza, iququzelele ukufika kweentlobo ezininzi zangaphandle kulo mmandla, ngokutsho kophononongo olukhokelwa ngusosayensi u-Eric Oliver. Iziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi sele zibonakalisiwe kwi impilo yeentlobo ngeentlobo zaselwandle.
Ukufudumeza koLwandle lwaseTasman kweli hlobo lidlulileyo yeyona nto yayixhalabisa kakhulu kwirekhodi: Ichaphazele indawo yolwandle enkulu ngokuphindwe kasixhenxe kunesiqithi ngokwaso., ukufikelela kumaxabiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2,9 degrees Celsius ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu phantse ngokuqinisekileyo kubangele le nto. Kwelinye icala, kumxholo obanzi, ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunxulunyaniswa namaza obushushu ezichaphazela imimandla eyahlukeneyo yesijikelezi-langa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela izixeko ezithile zinokunyamalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
U-Eric Oliver, kwingxelo, wathi "Singaqiniseka nge-99% ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu ye-anthropogenic yenze lo bushushu baselwandle bunokwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kwandisa amathuba okuba ezi ziganeko zinzima ziphinde zenzeke kwixesha elizayo."
Uphononongo, olwapapashwa kwijenali Nature Communications, yajolisa ingqalelo yayo kwindawo ekunxweme olusempuma yeTasmania, eyaziwa ngokuba yenye yeendawo ezikummandla apho ukufudumala kwemozulu kuye kwaphawuleka kakhulu, nokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu. ngokuphindwe kane ngaphezulu komndilili wengingqi. Le meko iyahambelana nezinye izinto ezifana nezo zibonwa eSpain, apho ukwanda kwamaza obushushu kurekhodwa. Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa ne Iintlango ezisengozini ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Amaza obushushu abangelwa yi-a Umkhukula wamanzi ashushu weMpuma yeOstreliya yangoku, leyo, kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ibiqinisa kwaye isanda emazantsi. Oku kuphakamisa into ephazamisayo enokwenzeka yokuba, ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo engqongqo yokunqanda ukutshintsha kwemozulu, amanzi aya kuqhubeka efudumala ngakumbi, ekwandisa ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuqina kwala maza obushushu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ezi ziganeko zinegalelo amaza obushushu ayenzeka kwiindawo ngeendawo zehlabathi. Kule meko, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ukuba njani utyalo-mali kumafutha efosili alulondolozeki.
Ukufudumala kolwandle lwaseTasmanian akuchaphazeli nje kuphela izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, kodwa kunye noqoqosho lwasekhaya, oluxhomekeke kakhulu ekulobeni. Uluntu obeluqhelisela ukuloba kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini ngokwesiko lujongene nemingeni engazange ibonwe ngaphambili ngenxa yokuncipha kwamanani eentlanzi kunye nokufa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi zaselwandle. Ngokomzekelo, ishishini le-salmon libone ukuncipha okukhulu kwemveliso ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu bamanzi, okungachaphazeli nje ukubonelelwa koku kutya kodwa kwanengeniso yabalobi abaninzi kunye nabasebenzi beshishini. Oku kusikhokelela ekubeni siqwalasele kwakhona Indima yeAntarctic krill kwi-ecosystem yaselwandle.
Ukongezelela, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu elwandle kuye kwakhokelela ekutshintsheni kweentlobo ezinokuthi ziphile kula manzi. Iindidi ebezifudula zingakwazi ukuhlala kulo mmandla ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ngoku zifudukela emazantsi, ngelixa iintlobo zamanzi abandayo ebezihlala kula manzi ziyancipha okanye ziyanyamalala. Oku kuguquguquka akubonisi nje kuphela umngeni wendalo, kodwa nengxaki yezoqoqosho kushishino lokuloba, ekuya kufuneka liziqhelanise nemeko engqongileyo eguqukayo. Olu hlengahlengiso sisihloko ekuye kwaxoxwa kuso ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokufika kwezilwanyana ezihlaselayo kunokuphazamisa amatyathanga okutya elwandle kwaye kuchaphazele kakhulu i-ecosystem. Ukuguqulwa kwale mixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwendalo akuchaphazeli kuphela izilwanyana nezityalo zasekuhlaleni, kodwa kube nayo iimpembelelo ezibanzi kwimpilo yeelwandle zethu kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kubo. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela Amaza obushushu anokuba nempembelelo yehlabathi. Oku kunxulumene nesifundo kwi izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka eziqhelana bhetele nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Uphononongo luka-Eric Oliver kunye noogxa bakhe lunika isiseko esibalulekileyo sesayensi sokuqonda indlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo amanzi ethu. Khumbula ukuba amaza obushushu aselwandle eTasmania asiyonto ingaqhelekanga. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, siye sabona ukwanda kokuphindaphindwa kwala maza obushushu olwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusukela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2019, ukufudumala kolwandle bekunzulu ngakumbi kwaye kuthe gqolo. Ngo-2016, ubushushu baselwandle obuvela eChile bubangele iintyatyambo zealgal eziye zatshabalalisa iifama zeentlanzi, yaye kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba iziganeko ezifanayo ziyenzeka nakweminye imimandla yehlabathi. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko funda ngeziganeko ezigqithisileyo ezifana neenkanyamba.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba olu tshintsho aluyongxaki nje yasekuhlaleni. Iilwandle zesijikelezi-langa zinxibelelene, kwaye utshintsho kwindawo enye lunokuba nefuthe kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kuye kwabonwa kwi iziphumo ze-El Niño kunye neLa Niña, ezichaphazela imozulu kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo nezibangela imozulu embi kakhulu. Olu nxibelelwano luqinisekisa imfuneko yokufunda nzulu ukufudumala kolwandle kunye nemiphumo yako. Unxulumano phakathi kwemixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwezidalwa ezahlukeneyo nalo lubalulekile, njengoko luchaphazela izityalo ezichanabeke kakhulu kwiqabaka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, ngakumbi ukutshiswa kwamafutha eefosili, ngoyena nobangela wokufudumala kwehlabathi. Njengoko siqhubeka nokuba negalelo ekufudumaleni kwesi sijikelezi-langa sethu, amaza obushushu olwandle aya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi, angachaphazeli nje kuphela indalo yaselwandle kodwa noluntu oluxhomekeke kuwo. Izazinzulu zilumkisa ukuba lo mkhwa awukhathazi nje kuphela, kodwa unokuba ne ifuthe elihlala lihleli kwikamva leelwandle zethu kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle abazibambileyo. Oku kubonisa ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi I-Maple isiraphu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Sijongene noxanduva oluhlangeneyo lokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngoko nangoko. Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ukukhuthaza amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokwamkela izenzo ezizinzileyo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu kunye neenzame zolondolozo kufuneka zibe ngundoqo, ekhaya nakwihlabathi jikelele, ukukhusela amanzi ethu kunye ne-ecosystem yawo. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuxoxa nge iziphumo zamaza obushushu kubomi baselwandle.
Ubungqina besayensi bubonisa ukuba impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kuLwandle lweTasman yi-microcosm yeengxaki esijongene nazo kwihlabathi jikelele. Indibaniselwano yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu bamanzi kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene noxinzelelo kwi-ecosystem kukhokelele kwimeko yentlekele. Izenzo esizenzayo namhlanje ziya kugqiba impilo yeelwandle zethu kwixesha elizayo. Oku kukwanxulumene ne izikhukula ezisongela izigidi zabantu.
Iintaka zaselwandle, izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ziyakuva ukufudumeza kwamanzi. Kwimeko yeentaka zaselwandle, ukufuduka kwazo kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba kuchaphazeleke, kuzinzisa iindlela zokuzalela kunye nokufumaneka kokutya. Oku kuguqulela kwi-a ukuhla kwabantu nto leyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, enokubeka esichengeni ukusinda kwezi ntlobo zezilwanyana. Iintyatyambo ze-algal ezinetyhefu, ezifana nezo zichaphazele eminye imimandla, zikwasisiphumo samanzi ashushu, achaphazela ubomi baselwandle kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Kwelinye icala, lo mkhwa unxulunyaniswa ne amaza obushushu achaphazela izilwanyana zasendle kwezinye iindawo, ebonisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kwishishini lokuloba, ukwehla kwezitokhwe zeentlanzi kunokukhokelela ekubeni a ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kweentlobo zezilwanyana eziseninzi nangoku. Esi senzo, siqhutywa yimfuneko yokubuyekeza ukungabikho kweentlanzi, asibeki emngciphekweni impilo yolwandle kuphela kodwa nokugcinwa kokuloba kwixa elizayo. Ngaphaya koko, ukuziqhelanisa noshishino lokuloba kubalulekile ukuze uphile kwindawo eguquka ngokukhawuleza, enxulumene noko Utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza njengesitshixo sokuziqhelanisa.
Amabango okuba utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela utshintsho kuLwandle lwaseTasman luye lwaqiniswa zizifundo zamva nje kunye nedatha ekhulayo yemozulu. Kwimeko yolwandle, ukubeka iliso iipateni zobushushu kunye neemeko zamanzi kubalulekile ukuqonda impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuphanda nzulu koku, kunomdla ukuphonononga ukuba njani Amaza obushushu avela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
Uphando lwezenzululwazi luyaqhuba ukuze kuqondwe ngcono indlela eziziphatha ngayo izinto zaselwandle kwindawo etshintshayo. Oku kuquka amandla okuziqhelanisa neentlobo zezityalo kunye nendlela uluntu lwaselwandle kunye ne-ikhosistim eziya kusabela ngayo kwiimeko eziguqukayo. Iziphumo zolu phando ziya kubaluleka kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso-qhinga zolondolozo. Umzekelo, iinzame kufuneka zibandakanye ukuphunyezwa kwe imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela amaza obushushu nemiphumo yako kubomi baselwandle.
Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okukhusela kwiindawo zolwandle ezisesichengeni kunye nokudala iindawo ezikhuselweyo zaselwandle ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko okunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Njengoko ihlabathi lihambela phambili, kuya kubaluleka ukuba oorhulumente, amashishini kunye nabantu ngabanye basebenzisane ukukhusela iilwandle zethu kunye nokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo lomntu wonke.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuLwandle lwaseTasman akuyongxaki nje yasekuhlaleni; Luphawu lwengxaki yehlabathi. Inzululwazi iyayixhasa ingcamango yokuba ukukhusela indalo yaselwandle kubalulekile ukuze siphile, kwaye isenzo sibalulekile. Ngaphandle kokungenelela okufanelekileyo, iilwandle ziya kuqhubeka zifudumala, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni okungenakulungiseka kobuncwane bethu baselwandle.
