Ukuthetha ngeNorth Pole kukukhangela kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwiplanethi: eyona ndawo isemantla eMhlabeni, ulwandle olukhulu olunomkhenkce apho. zonke iimeridians ziyadibana Kwaye lonke icala lisezantsi. Ngokwahlukileyo kwi-South Pole, ayiphumli kwilizwekazi, kodwa ikumkhenkce wolwandle odada kuLwandlekazi lweArctic, imekobume eyingozi apho indalo nemozulu zilawula zonke iinkcukacha zobomi—kunye nokuhlola.
Ngaphaya kommandla omhlophe omhlophe, isayensi, imbali, i-geopolitics, kunye nenkcubeko ziyadibana kule ndawo. Apha, amandla e-axis yoMhlaba abaluleke njengohambo oludumileyo, ukufudumala kwe-Arctic, i-biodiversity elungelelaniswe nokubanda, kunye nemibuzo ebangela umdla enje ukungabikho kwendawo yexesha elisemthethweni, ubukho bezinto ezininzi "zezibonda ezisemantla" ngokuxhomekeke kwiikhrayitheriya, kunye nobudlelwane bendawo kunye nezithethe zentsomi kunye nezomthendeleko..
Yintoni iNorth Pole kwaye iphi?
I-North Pole, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-geographic North Pole, yindawo eku-90° N isibanzi apho i-axis yoMhlaba inqumla khona umphezulu. Zonke iimeridians zidibana apho. Akukho mhlaba welizwekazi: ngumkhenkce wolwandle kuphela. phezu koLwandlekazi lweArctic. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokungafaniyo ne-South Pole (ekwilizwekazi lase-Antarctic), isiseko sayo somzimba lulwandle olunomkhenkce olutshintshayo, luqhekeke, kwaye lunyibilike ngamaxesha onyaka.
Ummandla weArctic ujikelezwe ngamazwe afana neRashiya, iNorway, iDenmark (ngeGreenland), iCanada, kunye ne-United States (Alaska). Abantu abafana [bhala amagama abantu] bahlala kwimimandla engqonge ilizwekazi. Inuit, Sami, Chukchi, Nenets kunye neAleutsPhakathi kwezinye izinto, ineenkcubeko eziqhelanisiweyo nezi zibanzi zigqithisileyo. Kwa igama elithi "Arctic" livela kwelesiGrike elithi arktos ("ibhere"), libhekisela kumaqela eenkwenkwezi aseUrsa Major neUrsa Minor alawula isibhakabhaka sayo.
Ngenxa yendawo ekuyo yolwandle, iNorth Pole ishushu kakhulu kune-Antarctica. Apho, amaqondo obushushu asebusika ahluka phakathi -46 °C kunye -26 °C (nge-avareji ejikeleze -34 °C), ngelixa ehlotyeni zindanda malunga ne-0 °C kwaye azifane zigqithe kuyo. Elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu lirekhodiweyo yi-7,2 °C, inani elingenakucingelwa kwi-South Pole.
Lo mmandla uphawuleka ngemozulu yomkhenkce kwincam yomhlaba, enemvula enqabileyo (kaninzi ngaphantsi kwe-200 mm ngonyakaUmoya ovuthuzayo uqinisa umoya obandayo, kunye nomkhenkce wolwandle obunzima obahlukeneyo, ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 yeemitha, nangona utshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye nemozulu. Ulwandle lweArctic lusebenza "njengendawo yokugcina ubushushu," emodareyitha amaqondo obushushu xa kuthelekiswa nalawo ase-Antarctica, ekumphakamo ophakamileyo kumhlaba omkhulu welizwekazi.
Iindidi ze "North Pole" kunye nendlela ezichazwa ngayo
Xa sithetha nge "North Pole," asisoloko sibhekisela kwinqaku elifanayo. Kukho iimbekiselo ezininzi zenzululwazi nezisebenzayo ekufuneka zahlulwe ukuze kuphetshwe ukubhideka nokuqonda ukuba kutheni. Ikhampasi ayibonisi iPole yejografi. kwaye kutheni "umntla" unokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kuqeqesho:
- IJografi yoMntla wePole: indawo egqithileyo ye-axis yoMhlaba yokujikeleza kwihemisfere esemantla. Yireferensi ye-geodetic kunye ne-astronomical latitude 90° N.
- I-Magnetic North Pole: indawo kumntla we-hemisphere apho intsimi ye-geomagnetic i-perpendicular kumphezulu nasezantsi. Ihamba amashumi eekhilomitha ngonyaka. ngenxa yeentshukumo zondoqo woMhlaba.
- I-Geomagnetic North Pole: indawo ebalwayo yedipole yemagnethi ekufutshane nejografi; ayihambelani ncam nemagnethi yokwenyani, engaqhelekanga.
- ipali yasemantla: ukudibana kwe-axis yokujikeleza komhlaba kunye nesphere yesibhakabhaka; isebenza njengesalathiso sokuphononongwa kweenkwenkwezi.
- I-Arctic Pole yokungafikeleleki: indawo ekuLwandle lweArctic umgama ukusuka kulo naluphi na unxweme, umngeni wolungiselelo olwahlukileyo kulowo wejografi.
Indawo ye-axis yoMhlaba ayikho indawo egxininiswe ngokugqibeleleyo kumphezulu. Kwangenkulungwane ye-18, uLeonhard Euler waxela kwangaphambili ukushukuma okuncinane kweasi; kamva, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kwabonwa "ukwahluka kwesibanzi" okutyhila oku. ukufuduswa okuncinci kwePole kwi-crust kwisikali seemitha. Inxalenye yale ntshukumo ihambelana nento ebizwa ngokuba yiChandler Wobble, kunye nexesha elimalunga neentsuku ezingama-435. Indawo ekhawulezayo yokunqumla i-axis kunye nomphezulu ibizwa ngokuba "yi-pali esheshayo," kodwa ayisebenzi njengenkcazo yokusebenza kwepali esisigxina.
Ngomsebenzi ochanekileyo, iNkonzo yokuThuthukiswa koMhlaba yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye neManyano yeAstronomical Astronomical yamazwe ngamazwe ichaze INkqubo yeHlabathi yoLwazi lweTerestrial (ITRF)Isakhelo esizinzileyo esidityaniswe nokubunjwa komhlaba. "Umntla" wale nkqubo uchaza ireferensi yejografi emantla, ngaphandle kokudibana ngqo ne-real-time axis.
Imozulu, ukukhanya kunye nemimandla yexesha emantla akude
Ulawulo olukhanyayo kwi-North Pole lunamandla. Ilanga liphuma kanye ngonyaka.Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba i-equinox yasentwasahlobo (malunga ne-19 kaMatshi), inyuka ijikeleze isangqa kwi-horizon ide ifikelele kubude bayo obukhulu (malunga 23,5 °Iphuma kufuphi nenjikalanga kaJuni ize iqalise ukuhla ide ifike kanye emva kwe-equinox yasekwindla (malunga ne-24 kaSeptemba). Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, ihlala ingaphezulu komphezulu imini yonke; ebusika, ayibonakali iiveki.
Olu tshintsho luthatha ixesha elide phakathi kobusuku nemini lulungelelaniswe lwazizihlandlo ezithathu zokutshona kwelanga, kunye nexesha elide kakhulu kwizide ezigqithisileyo: ukuhlwa kwabantu Ihlala malunga neeveki ezimbini, i nautico Ihlala malunga neeveki ezintlanu kwaye ngeenkwenkwezi Ihlala malunga neeveki ezisixhenxe, kokubini ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga ngonyaka nasemva kokutshona kwelanga.
Ingcaciso ilele ekuthambekeni kwe-asis yoMhlaba kunye nokujikeleza kwayo kwiLanga. Embindini wehlotyeni kuMntla weIkhweyitha, iNcam yoMntla ithambeka ngaseLangeni; kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, ijongiswe kwelinye icala. Oku kutshintshana kwenzeka, kunye nokulibaziseka kweenyanga ezintandathu malunga nePole yoMzantsi. imini yepolar kunye nobusuku bepolarLe geometry yasezulwini ikwaphembelela imozulu yeArctic kunye nemimoya, igalelo kwisalathiso sobushushu obunamandla.
Kuninzi lwehlabathi, isalathiso selanga sasemini sikhokela ixesha lendawo, kodwa loo ngcinga iyaqhekeka kwiPole: bonke ubude budibana Kwaye iLanga lichaza isangqa sonyaka, kungekhona umjikelo wemihla ngemihla. Akukho ndawo yexesha elisemthethweni; Uhambo lusebenzisa nokuba yeyiphi ebafaneleyo (i-UTC, ixesha lelizwe lokusuka, njl. njl.).
Umkhenkce wolwandle kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu
Umkhenkce wolwandle lwe-Arctic uqhelekile phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 yeemitha ubukhulu, kodwa ubukhulu bayo, ububanzi, kunye neqhekeza lamanzi avulekileyo ngaphakathi kwepakethi yomkhenkce iguquka ngokukhawuleza kwimozulu kunye nemozulu. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise a utyekelo lokunciphisa umzimba womkhenkce kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ngelixa ukufudumala okubonwa kwiArctic kunendima, ayikuko konke ukuhla ngequbuliso okunokuthi kubangelwe kuphela kweso sizathu.
Flora, fauna kunye nobomi emphethweni
Phakathi kwezilwanyana zaseArctic kukho ibhere emhlophe (umfuziselo wangasentla), iwalrus, itywina, i-whale, i-beluga whale, i-musk ox, impungutye yaseArctic, kunye neentaka ezifudukayo njengeentaka. I-Arctic tern kunye nekhephu lerhanisiUlungelelwaniso lwabo lubandakanya iileya ezishinyeneyo zamafutha kunye noboya obuxineneyo bokugquma, ukufukama kwezinye iimeko, kunye nokufuduka kwamaxesha onyaka ukunqanda ukugqithisela.
Ubukho beebhere ezimhlophe ngaphaya kwe-82 ° N ayiqhelekanga ngenxa yokunqongophala kokutya, nangona ukubonakala okukufutshane kakhulu kwi-Pole kuye kwabikwa (a 1,6 km ngo-2006). I-Arctic fox kunye ne-ringed seal nayo ibonwe kufuphi ne-89 ° 40′ N. Iintaka (i-Plectrophenax nivalis, i-Fulmarus glacialis, i-Rissa tridactyla) inokuvela emva kweenqanawa kunye nohambo, ngamanye amaxesha kuphazamisa imbono yokusabalalisa kwabo.
Iintlanzi ziye zabonwa emanzini, nangona mhlawumbi ngamanani amancinci kakhulu. Ngexesha le-2007 Mir submersible dive ngaphantsi kweNorth Pole, ilungu leqela laseRashiya laqaphela ukuba Akazange azibone izidalwa eziphilayo Ekugqibeleni, ngeso sihlandlo, yayingumzekelo wemekobume embindini wesitya.
Abantu baseArctic kunye nenkcubeko
I-North Pole ngokwayo ayihlali ngenxa yokunqongophala komhlaba, kodwa uluntu oluye lwafunda ukuphumelela kule ndawo luhlala kwimida yelizwekazi le-Arctic. Phakathi kwazo kukho inuit ukusuka eKhanada, eGreenland, eAlaska naseSiberia (abazingeli, abalobi, abakhi bemveli be-igloo), sami ukusuka kumantla eScandinavia kunye neKola Peninsula (ukwalusa iinyamakazi, ukuloba nokuzingela), chukchi ukusuka kummandla Chukotka, i Nenets ukusuka eYamal kunye ne IiAleuts ukusuka kwiziqithi zoLwandle lwaseBering. Uqikelelo lwabemi balo lusukela kumashumi ukuya kumakhulu amawaka ngokuxhomekeke kwiqela, kunye noqoqosho kunye neenkcubeko ezinxulumene nomkhenkce nolwandle.
Intsebenziswano kwingingqi yakhiwe nge IBhunga leArctic, iforamu apho i-United States, iKhanada, i-Iceland, iDenmark, iFinland, iNorway, iSweden neRashiya zinxibelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo engokusingqongileyo, ulondolozo nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yendalo, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu bomthonyama.
I-North Pole iphinde ibambe indawo evelele kwingcinga edibeneyo: i-geographical pole iyaziwa njengekhaya likaSanta Claus, kangangokuba eCanada inkonzo yeposi inikezela ikhowudi. H0H 0H0 (enqwala ngokuthi “Ho ho ho”). Kwisithethe kunye nokuthelekisa okungaqondakaliyo, kukho iimbekiselo kwi-Hyperborea, kwiNtaba ye-Qaf kwilifa lamaSilamsi njengendawo "ekude kakhulu eMhlabeni", kunye nendima "yesibonda sasezulwini" kwi-Iranian Sufism kunye ne-Theosophy njenge-axis yokunyuka ngokomoya.
Uphononongo: Ukusuka kuMkhenkce ukuya kwiiNqwelo-moya naNgaphaya
Kwakudala ngaphambi kweempumelelo ezibhaliweyo zenkulungwane yama-20, ingcamango yokuba I-North Pole yayiselwandleOku kwandisa intsomi "yolwandle oluvulekileyo lwe-polar." Ngenxa yelo themba, amaphulo amaninzi azama ukunqumla umkhenkce ngenkani, esebenzisa amaxesha onyaka afanelekileyo, ngokufuthi esebenzisa iminenga elungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo.
Ngowe-1827, uWilliam Edward Parry wafika 82°45′ NIPolaris Expedition (1871), eyayikhokelwa nguCharles Francis Hall, yaphela kwintlekele. Phakathi ko-1879 no-1881, i-USS Jeannette, eyalelwa nguGeorge W. DeLong, nayo yaphela kabuhlungu, ngokulahlekelwa yinqanawa kunye nenxalenye yabasebenzi.
Ngowe-1895, abantu baseNorway UFridtjof Nansen kunye noHjalmar Johansen Basondela ngokuphawulekayo kufutshane ne-86 ° 14′ N, ngaphantsi kweedigri ezine ukusuka kwi-Pole. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uSalomon A. Andrée waseSweden wazama ukufikelela kuyo ngebhaluni yehydrogen (Örnen), kodwa yantlitheka emantla eKvitøya; ingqushu yayiza kuvela ngowe-1930.
Ngowe-1900, umTaliyane uLuigi Amedeo, iTshawe laseAbruzzi, no-Umberto Cagni bakhokela ukuwela umkhenkce besuka kwinqanawa yokuloba iminenga iStella Polare baza bamisela irekhodi elitsha ngokufikelela kuma-86°34′ N. Bayibuyisela enkampini ngofele lwamazinyo abo.kwaye inqanawa yabuyela eNorway emva kweenyanga.
Ngowe-1908, uFrederick A. Cook wathi ufikelele kwi-Pole kunye nama-Inuit amabini, kodwa akazange akwazi ukungqina oko kwaye i-akhawunti yakhe yachithwa njengenkohliso. Kunyaka kamva, uRobert Peary wavakalisa isiganeko esibalulekileyo (ngoAprili 6, 1909) ngoMatthew Henson namaInuit amane; nangona kunjalo, inguqulelo yakhe isaphikisana kakhulu. ukungabikho kokuqinisekisa okuzimeleyo, izantya ezichaziweyo—ezingazange zibonwe kulo mkhenkce—kunye nokungangqinelani nedatha kaHenson yokutenxa kunye nemiqobo.
Umhloli uWally Herbert, owayekade engumxhasi wePeary, waphonononga iirekhodi zakhe ngo-1989 waza wagqiba kwelokuba akazange afikelele kwiPole. Ngo-2005, uTom Avery waphinda wayiphinda indlela yohambo esebenzisa isileyi kunye nezixhobo zembali kwaye wafika ePole ngeentsuku ezingama-36 kunye neeyure ezingama-22 — ngokukhawuleza kunoPeary — elawula ingxoxo ngokukhusela ukuba kunokwenzeka, nangona. ngaphandle kokuzinzisa impikiswano yembali.
Isityholo sokuqala esemoyeni yaba seso sikaRichard E. Byrd noFloyd Bennett (Meyi 9 ye1926) kwitrimotor yeFokker, yaqinisekiswa ekuqaleni kodwa kamva yabuzwa kakhulu. Ngokutsho kweengcali ezahlukeneyo, uCook, okanye uPeary, okanye u-Byrd wayengenakufikelela ngokuthembekileyo kwiPole.
Impumelelo yokuqala eyamkelwa ngokubanzi ngobungqina obungaguqukiyo yenzeka ngoMeyi 12, 1926, xa inqanawa yomoya. NorgeIphethwe ngu-Umberto Nobile kunye no-Roald Amundsen kunye no-Lincoln Ellsworth, i-Amundsen yabhabha phezu kwe-North Pole emva kokushiya i-Svalbard kwaye inqumla i-Arctic isiya e-Alaska. UNobile wayeza kuphinda ukuwela kwi-1928 kunye ne-airship i-Italia, eyantlitheka kuhambo lokubuyela; U-Amundsen wasweleka ngexesha lokugqogqwa.
Phezu komphezulu, uloyiso lokuqala oluqinisekisiweyo kumkhenkce lweza ngo-1968 nge URalph Plaisted, uWalt Pederson, uGerry Pitzl kunye noJean-Luc Bombardier ngemoto yekhephu. Ngo-2007, iMir ezimbini zaseRussia ezintywiliselwa emanzini zehla ngaphantsi komkhenkce kwiNorth Pole kwaye zatyala iflegi ezantsi kolwandle, kunye nekhephusuli yezizukulwana ezizayo.
Umabonwakude wandisa iArctic ngo-2007 ngesiqendu esikhethekileyo seTop Gear, apho iqela lafikelela kwindawo yeArctic ngemoto. ipali yemagnethi yasemantla Ngokwendawo yayo ka-1996 (malunga ne-78°35′ N, 104°11′ W), hayi indawo. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uhambo lwaseRashiya lwe-MLAE-2009 lwafikelela kwi-geographic Pole kunye ne-Yemelia-1 kunye ne-Yemelia-2 iimoto ezirhuqa iinqwelo ezirhuqwayo. Ngo-2013, uJuan Benegas waseArgentina wahamba esuka kwisiseko saseRashiya saseBarneo-malunga neekhilomitha ezili-170 ukuya ePole, ehamba neqela lamazwe ngamazwe.
I-Geopolitics, iindlela kunye nezibonelelo eziphikisanayo
Ukuhlehla komkhenkce komeleza umdla kwimithombo ye-Arctic kunye neendlela ze-interoceanic. Ngokoqikelelo olucatshulwe ngokubanzi, ummandla unokubambelela I-13% yeoli kunye I-30% yegesi yendalo iindawo ezingafunyanwanga zeplanethi. Kwangaxeshanye, iipaseji zeArctic zibonelela ngeendlela ezimfutshane phakathi kweAtlantiki nePasifiki, ezinempembelelo enkulu kurhwebo lwaselwandle.
Ngo-2008, amazwe amahlanu aselunxwemeni enza isibhambathiso sokusa amabango awo kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Phantsi kweNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngoMthetho woLwandle, ilizwe ngalinye linoMmandla woQoqosho oKhethekileyo wama-200-nautical-mile (370 km); ukuba ishelufu yelizwekazi idlulela ngaphayaUngasifaka isicelo sakho kwiKomishoni ngeMida yeShelufu yelizwekazi, ethi ikhuphe iingcebiso zobugcisa. Ngeli xesha, iindawo ezingaphandle kolawulo lwesizwe ziphantsi kolawulo lwe-International Seabed Authority.
Amazwe aliqela agxile kwisicwangciso sawo sokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kweLomonosov esembindini wolwandle kunye neshelufu yelizwekazi: iDenmark yacela phantse. I-900.000 km² (ephikisana nolwandiso lwendalo oluvela eGreenland), iKhanada yafaka ibango elingaphelelanga elixhaswa ngamaphulo emephu, kunye neRashiya, esele ityale iflegi kwibhedi engaphantsi kwePole ngo-2007, iqinise ubukho bayo bomkhosi kunye nezicwangciso zamandla emantla.
INorway neRussia zafikelela kwisivumelwano semida yaselwandle ngo-2010 kuLwandle iBarents—malunga ne-175.000 km² yahlulwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwazo—umzekelo wendlela uthethathethwano lwamazwe amabini olunokusombulula ngayo iingxabano ekudala zikho. IUnited States, ngaphandle kwemeko yayo njengelizwe laseArctic ukusukela ekuthengeni iAlaska, akakaqinisekiswa Ingqungquthela yoMthetho woLwandle, nangona ithatha inxaxheba kulawulo lwengingqi kwaye igxininisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nendima yabantu bomthonyama.
Ngaphandle kommandla wayo osondeleyo, i-China ibonise umdla okhulayo: yajoyina i-Arctic Council njengombukeli osisigxina, yaseka iziko lophando lase-China-Arctic e-Shanghai, kwaye iqhuba i-icebreaker yayo. Xue Long kumaphulo enzululwazi kwaye utyale imali kwimigodi (kubandakanywa umhlaba onqabileyo) kunye neeprojekthi zamandla kummandla, kwakhona utsalwa kukuncitshiswa kwexesha kwiindlela ezifana naleyo idibanisa umntla Yurophu kunye neShanghai ngokusebenzisa i-Arctic passage.
I-North Pole kunye ne-South Pole: zahluke njani?
Umahluko phakathi kweepali ezimbini ziphawulwe ngaphaya kwengqungquthela yamagama. I-North Pole i Ulwandle olunomkhenkce olujikelezwe ngumhlaba (iYurophu, iAsia, naseMerika), ngoxa iSouth Pole ililizwekazi—iAntarctica—egqunywe ngumkhenkce omkhulu onesiseko esinamatye. Lo mahluko ucacisa ukuba kutheni amashiti omkhenkce asemazantsi engqindilili, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ne-ecosystem yawo ilinganiselwe ngakumbi.
- Emantla, ummandla weArctic uneziqithi ezinjengeGreenland, Spitsbergen okanye Ellesmere; emazantsi, ummandla womhlaba ulilizwekazi kwaye akuhlali mntu, ngaphandle kweziseko zenzululwazi.
- Iyantlukwano yebhayoloji inkulu kwiArctic: kulapho ke ibhere elimnyama, azikho kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, ngoxa i oonombombiya Zifumaneka e-Antarctica kuphela.
- Imozulu yasemantla ivumela izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, njengoko ikwinqanaba lolwandle kwaye inolwandle njengolawulo lobushushu; emazantsi, umkhenkce ubanzi kakhulu kwaye unzima.
- Ubungakanani bomkhenkce wolwandle lwe-Arctic bubalulekile kodwa bungaphantsi kwalowo we-Antarctic ice sheet, kwaye umda wayo wendalo uphawulwe ngamazwekazi ajikelezileyo; Umda weAntarctic “sisiqithi” esikhulu somkhenkce.
Izibane zaseMntla: Isibhakabhaka esisemaNtla ngoMbala
I-auroras ngumboniso omkhulu wokukhanya wemimandla ye-polar. Kwi-hemisphere esemantla babizwa ngokuba IAurora borealis Ezi ziganeko zenzeka xa amasuntswana ahlawuliswayo asuka kumoya welanga ekhokelwa yimagnethi yomhlaba ukuya kwiatmosfera engaphezulu, apho adibana neegesi ezinjengeoksijini kunye nenitrogen. Olu vuselelo ludala amakhethini kunye nee-arcs zokukhanya kwimithunzi eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emfusa, emthubi kunye nobomvu.
Kwingingqi yeArctic, awona maxesha onyaka afanelekileyo ahlala egxininiswe ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ayisiyonto nje into yokuba iindawo eziya kuzo ezinjengamantla eNorway, eFinland, eSweden, eIceland, nakumantla eKhanada zifumana amawaka eendwendwe nyaka ngamnye ezitsalwa zezi zinto zinomtsalane. umlingo wokusa ngobusuku obude nesibhakabhaka esicacileyo.
Ukugqiba isangqa seengqikelelo, ukongeza kwijografi kunye nemagnethi, kufanelekile ukukhumbula isigama sobugcisa esivela ngamanye amaxesha kwiimephu nakwizicatshulwa: isibonda sesibhakabhaka, isibonda sokungafikeleleki, i-geomagnetic pole, kunye ihempe yepolo yangoko (i-intersection ye-axis kunye nomphezulu ngomzuzu onikiweyo), iziqwenga ezigqibezela iphazili "yezibonda ezingasentla".
Ukudityaniswa kweempawu zendalo, uphononongo oluyintsomi, kunye nokungavisisani ngokwelizwe kwenza i-North Pole ibe yinzululwazi, imbali, kunye nommandla womfuziselo obaluleke kakhulu. Ukusuka kwi-axial tilt yomhlaba kunye nomkhenkce wolwandle ohlala ubhityile ukuya kwiinqwelomoya zenkulungwane yama-20, iinqwelo-moya zekhephu, kunye neenqwelo-moya ezihlala emanzini, singasathethi ke ngamabango e-UN, iindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa ezisakhulayo, kunye nomfanekiso weKrisimesi kaSanta Claus onomyalezo onekhowudi. H0H 0H0Yonke into iyadibana kweli nqanaba kwimephu ethi, nangona ibonakala ngathi ayinakuguqulwa, itshintsha unyaka nonyaka.
