INkanyamba uMilton, eyabetha usingasiqithi waseFlorida ngamandla amakhulu, ibangele inqanaba lentshabalalo elidlula intshabalalo eqhelekileyo ehambelana neziganeko zemozulu. Ukongeza kwimimoya yenkanyamba kunye nezikhukhula, uMilton uye wavelisa "iinkanyamba ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza," ulandelelwano lweziganeko eziyingozi zomoya eziye zakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwabantu abaninzi phakathi kwabahlali bemimandla echaphazelekayo. Yintoni kanye kanye “iinkanyamba ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza”?
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni na iinkanyamba ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ezibangelwa yiNkanyamba uMilton.
Zeziphi iinkanyamba ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza?
Izaqhwithi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziinkanyamba. Zii-vortices ezinomoya ezinamandla ezinokukhula kwaye zitshabalale kwimizuzu nje embalwa. Ngokungafaniyo neenkanyamba eziqhelekileyo, ezihlala zivela kwii-supercells kwaye zinokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili, ezi nkanyamba zinxulumene nenkanyamba zivela ngequbuliso kwaye zingenasilumkiso esincinci okanye asikho.
Ezi zivunguvungu zivela kwiibhanti zangaphandle zeenkanyamba, apho iimeko ze-atmospheric zilungele ukwakheka kwazo. Ukusebenzisana komoya ofudumeleyo, ofumileyo kumphezulu kunye nokujikeleza kwenkqubo yesiphango kudala imeko-bume elungele ukuphuhliswa kwezi ziganeko.
Zenza kwithuba lemizuzwana ukuya kwimizuzu kwaye zihlala ziqhubeka imizuzu embalwa kuphela, ngamanye amaxesha zihlala ngaphantsi kwesihlanu. isantya somoya Banokufikelela kumanqanaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-160 km/h, kwaye kwezinye iimeko nezantya eziphezulu zibhaliwe. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani babo buncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezaqhwithi ze-supercellular, njengoko ububanzi bazo bunqabile ukuba bube ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-100.
Yintoni ebenza babe yingozi kangaka?
Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezi nkanyamba kuqhwalelisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba, kushiya abantu benemizuzwana nje yokufumana ikhusi. Ukongeza, iirada zemozulu zesiqhelo zinobunzima bokuchonga ezi nkanyamba ngenxa yobungakanani bazo obuncinci kunye nobomi obufutshane.
Enye ingcaciso kukuba zenza ebusuku, ixesha apho kubonakala kulinganiselwe kwaye abantu abaninzi balele. Ingozi enkulu ehambelana nezivunguvungu yimfucumfucu eguqula ibe "iiprojekthi ezibulalayo." xa bebanjwe kwimijelo yenkanyamba ejikeleza ngokukhawuleza, ekwandisa amathuba okwenzakala.
Ukuhamba kweNkanyamba uMilton eFlorida kuye kwadityaniswa nobuncinci beenkanyamba ezili-19 eziqinisekisiweyo eziphawulwa ngokujikeleza okukhawulezileyo, okubangela ukutshatyalaliswa okubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu. Olu luhlu lweziganeko lubangele ukusweleka kwabantu abaninzi, kubandakanywa ukusweleka kwabantu ababini kwikhaya labalupheleyo eliseSt. Lucie County, apho inkanyamba yatshabalalisa amakhaya kwimizuzwana nje.
Amagosa kunye neengcaphephe zemozulu zigxininisa imfuneko yokuthobela zonke iingcebiso ezinxulumene nesi siganeko semozulu, nasemva kokuba sigqityiwe. Ingozi ebangelwa zezi ziganeko inokuqhubeka iiyure okanye iintsuku emva kokuba inkanyamba enkulu idlule.
Ingxelo yezaqhwithi ezininzi ngaphambili yamiselwa yiNkanyamba u-Ian ngo-2022
“Ndisebenze e-St.
Irekhodi yeenkanyamba ezininzi ngaphambili yamiselwa yiNkanyamba u-Ian ngo-2022, ebudeni bezaqhwithi ezingama-28 eFlorida, zikhatshwa zizilumkiso ezingama-64. Kwiiyure ezingaphambi kokufika kukaMilton, kwakhutshwa izilumkiso ezingaphezu kwe-130.
Iingcali zibhekisela kwiinkanyamba eziveliswa yizaqhwithi "njengeenkanyamba ezikhawulezayo" okanye "iinkanyamba eziqhumayo." Nangona kunjalo, i-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ihlela ezi ziganeko kungekhona njengezaqhwithi, kodwa njengeziganeko ezinxulumene nemimoya yendudumo.
"Ezi ziqhwithi ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza ziyakwazi ukubonakala ngokungalindelekanga kwaye zenze iingozi ezinkulu, njengoko zikwazi ukuvelisa imimoya efikelela kwisantya seekhilomitha ezingama-92 ngeyure, ebangela umonakalo omkhulu," watsho uJennifer Collins, umphandi wenkanyamba kunye noprofesa we-geoscience kwiYunivesithi yaseMzantsi Florida. .
Le misinga inamandla ibakho xa umoya opholileyo wemvula ophuma kwiindudumo uvelisa imimoya ebhudla ngamandla kwindawo ehamba phambili yesiphango. ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi "gust front."
Xa isantya somoya sifikelela kubukhulu obukhulu, ukukhuhlana okukhoyo kumphezulu kunokuphazamisana nokuhamba komoya, okukhokelela kuphuhliso lwevortex ejikelezayo kumphambili womoya. Le vortex iqala kumgangatho osezantsi kwaye inamandla okwandisa iinyawo ezingamakhulu aliqela emoyeni, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekubonakaleni kwenkanyamba ejikeleza ngokukhawuleza.
Izaqhwithi zangempela ziphuhliswa xa ukuvuselelwa komoya ofudumeleyo kunokondla ifu elimangalisayo, ukuseka uxhulumaniso kunye nesiseko salo, kwaye ukujikeleza kuqhutywa lilifu ngokwalo. Okuphikisanayo, Iinkanyamba ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza aziseki ikhonkco kwisiseko samafu kwaye endaweni yoko kuvela kumanzi asezantsi abandayo abekwe phambi kwesaqhwithi.
Iifowuni ezingama-900 zikaxakeka
Abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni baye babika ukuba bafumene ngaphezulu kweefowuni ze-900 eziphuthumayo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi wenkanyamba kummandla. Nangona kunjalo, inani lilonke labantu ababanjiweyo abafuna ukuhlangulwa alinakuchazwa.
Izaqhwithi zenzeke ngenxa yamaqela angaphandle anxulumene neNkanyamba uMilton, eyathi yawa eFlorida njenge iNkanyamba yoDidi 3, eyathi emva koko yashiya abahlali abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3,4 bengenamandla kurhulumente.
Kwisixeko saseWellington, esamkelwa njengendawo esembindini yepolo yaseMelika kunye noluntu lwamahashe ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika, iinkanyamba ezininzi ziye zamisa iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho kufa kwabantu kuye kwabikwa.
"Xa inkanyamba 'eqhelekileyo' isenzeka kulo mmandla, esisisiganeko esinqabileyo, umntu ufuna nje indawo yokusabela kwaye yiloo nto. Ezo zithuthi zibhukuqileyo kunye nezingxobo zenkunkuma zabonakala ngathi zityhubhu ezimnyama zokufa, utshilo uLuis Pérez, umsebenzi wokwakha owazibonela ngawabo le nto ekwibalcony yakhe.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezaqhwithi ezikhawulezayo ezibangelwa yiNkanyamba uMilton.