Iicontrails zibonakala njengamafu amade omkhenkce athi ngamanye amaxesha akhe emva kwenqwelomoya, ngenxa yokuxinana komphunga wamanzi okhoyo kwizinto ezikhutshwa yinjini. Ukongeza, ezinye iindlela zokuthintela zinokuvela emacaleni amaphiko ngenxa yokuxinana komphunga we-atmospheric, obangelwa kukuhla koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obufunyenwe njengoko inqwelomoya ihamba emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithintelo zamva ngokuqhelekileyo zivela ngexesha lokumka kunye nokumisa endaweni yenqwelomoya ekwindawo ephezulu, kwaye imfutshane kakhulu ngexesha.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ngamayelenqe amaninzi ajikeleze inqwelomoya kwaye, ke, siza kukuxelela. indlela ezibunjwe ngayo kwaye zibhebhethekisa ezinye iintsomi.
Indlela i-contrails eyakheka ngayo
Iinjini zeenqwelomoya zikhupha izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhutshwayo, kubandakanywa umphunga wamanzi, i-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-trace of nitrogen oxides (NOx), i-hydrocarbons, i-carbon monoxide, i-sulfur compounds, kunye ne-soot kunye ne-particle metal. Phakathi koku kukhutshwayo, umphunga wamanzi kuphela kwento ebalulekileyo yokwakheka kothintelo.
Ukwenziwa kweendlela ezibanzi zokulandela umkhondo emva kwenqwelomoya ngexesha lokubhabha kufuna iimeko ezithile zobushushu kunye nokufuma ezivumela ukujiya komphunga wamanzi okhutshwe ziinjini. Nangona iigesi zesulfure zinokunceda kule nkqubo ngokukhuthaza ukudalwa kwamancinci amancinci asebenza njenge-condensation nuclei, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iinqununu ezaneleyo emoyeni ukuzalisekisa lo msebenzi. Ezinye iigesi kunye namasuntswana akhutshwa ziinjini zenqwelomoya azichaphazeli uphuhliso lwezithintelo.
Njengoko iigesi ezikhutshwa yinqwelo-moya zidibana nomoya ongaphakathi, ziba nenkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ukufuma kwe-atmospheric kwanele ukuba umxube ufikelele kwi-saturation, ukunyuswa komphunga wamanzi kuya kwenzeka. Iqondo lokufuma kumxube, omisela ukuba i-saturation ifikelelwe, i iphenjelelwa liqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma komoya ojikelezileyo, ukongeza kubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi kunye nobushushu bokukhutshwa kwenqwelomoya.
Contrail Categories
I-evolution of a contrail, xa sele yenziwe, iphenjelelwa yimeko ye-atmospheric. Ngenxa yoko, iintlobo ezintathu zothintelo eziboniswe kwipowusta zinokujongwa.
Izithinteli ezidlulayo yimigca emifutshane emhlophe ebonakalayo emva kwenqwelomoya, ethi iphele ngokukhawuleza njengoko inqwelomoya ihamba. Olu qulunqo luvela kwiimeko apho umphunga wamanzi we-atmospheric uncinci, obangela ukuba amaqhekeza omkhenkce enze umzila we-condensation ukuba abuyele ngokukhawuleza kwimo yawo yegesi.
Ukuzingisa kuyayikhaba loo nto I-non-expanding yimigca emhlophe emide ehlala emoyeni emva kokuba inqwelomoya idlulile kwindawo, ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubungakanani bayo.. Ezi ziganeko zivela xa amanqanaba okufuma kwe-atmospheric ephezulu, okuthintela umzila we-condensation ukuba uchithe, kwaye unokuhlala iiyure eziliqela.
Izithintelo ezizingisayo nezisasazwayo zibonakala njengemigca eyonyuka kubukhulu, ububanzi, kunye nokungalungelelani njengoko ilifu lisanda. Esi siganeko senzeka xa ukufuma kwe-atmospheri kusondela kwi-condensation threshold, okwenza kube lula ukuxinana komphunga wamanzi kumasuntswana omkhenkce akhoyo kumzila we-condensation. Ngaphandle koko, Ukuba kukho ukungazinzi kunye nesiphithiphithi kwi-atmosfera, ii-contrails zithatha ulungelelwaniso olungaqhelekanga. Ezi zithintelo zinokuphenjelelwa yintshukumo yomoya.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza uqikelelo?
Ukukhankanywa okokuqala kweendlela zokunqanda kubuyela emva ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ixesha apho iinqwelo-moya zaqalisa ukusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuze ziyilwe. Ngaphambi kokuqalisa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ezi ziganeko zazigqalwa njengento nje yokufun’ ukwazi. Nangona kunjalo, Ngexesha longquzulwano, iicontrails zatsala umdla obalulekileyo ngenxa yamandla azo okuveza ubukho benqwelomoya. Ngenxa yoko, izizwe ezininzi zaqala uphando olugxile ekuqondeni oonobangela kunye neemeko ezikhokelela ekuyilweni kwayo.
Ngaba ifuthe leenqwelo-moya kufuneka lixhalabe?
Ukongeza kukubaluleka kobuchule bokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya zomkhosi, ukuchasana okuzingileyo kuye kwanda kakhulu kwinkalo yoqikelelo lwemozulu, ngakumbi malunga noqikelelo lwemozulu olude. Uphando lwezenzululwazi olwenziwe ngo-1998 luqikelele ukuba i-cloud cover eveliswa yi Iicontrails ezivela kwiinqwelomoya ezenziwe ngabantu zimele i-0,1% yomphezulu womhlaba, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo amafu e-cirrus aphuhlayo ukusuka kwii-contrails ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngaphaya koko, uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba ukwanda kokuthuthwa kweenqwelo-moya, kunye nokuhambela phambili kobugcisa be-injini, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kuyinyusa le pesenti.
Ukuba unomdla wokwazi malunga nesenzeko se-contrails enqumlayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala idala ipateni yemesh esibhakabhakeni, jonga kwimephu ye-ENAIRE yeendlela zomoya eziphezulu kwaye uya kubona ukuba kutheni.
Ingxelo ye-IPCC eyapapashwa ngo-1999 malunga nefuthe lomoya wenqwelomoya, enokufikelelwa apha, ibonisa ukuba uphando luchonge unxulumano phakathi kokunyuka kwamaxesha okuthintelwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwenqwelomoya kunye nokwanda kwe-cirrus coverage. Amafu e-Cirrus akholisa ukugubungela malunga ne-30% yomphezulu woMhlaba.. Ukonyuka kokhuselo lwecirrus kungenzeka kube negalelo ekonyukeni kwamaqondo obushushu bomhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, iimpembelelo ezinokubakho zokuthintelwa kokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ngumba oxhalabisayo.
Ngokuchasene noko, le ngxelo ikwavavanya ukuba izinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwiinjini ezinxibeleleneyo I-air traffic igalelo kwi-3,5% yempembelelo epheleleyo yemisebenzi yabantu ekutshintsheni kwemozulu. Ke ngoko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zithini na izithintelo, ukukhutshwa kweenqwelo-moya kubonisa umthombo obalulekileyo weegesi ze-greenhouse kunye nongcoliso olufuna ukuhoywa. IiContrails, ezingamafu omkhenkce “amsulwa” nje, azibeki isoyikiso njengetyhefu ebantwini njengoko abanye benokoyika. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zohambo ngenqwelomoya kwindalo esingqongileyo zintsonkothile kodwa azinakuphikiswa, kwaye kufuneka singayibethi ngoyaba iimpembelelo zako kwikamva lesijikelezi-langa.