Yonke into eyenzekileyo yakha yeva ngamagagasi amakhulu emhlabeni. Imalunga ne- amaza kaNazaré. Zithathwa njengoluhlobo lwamaza amakhulu aphule iirekhodi zehlabathi zeGuinness ngobukhulu. Amagagasi amabi athi onke amaphupha e-surfer ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, kutheni la maza makhulu esenzeka?
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba ayintoni amaza eNazaré nokuba kutheni esenzeka.
Athini amaza kaNazaré
INazaré yidolophu encinci kakhulu kodwa intle kakhulu apho kuhlala khona abalobi. Ifumaneka kwi indawo yesiPhuthukezi malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 kumantla eLisbon. Kuze kube yiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo yayingaziwa ngabantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje le ndawo iyaziwa kuba kukho iindawo apho amaza amakhulu aqhekeka khona. Kwaye la maza ayakwazi ukwaphuka phambi kwendlu yawo yokukhanya kwaye abe nobukhulu obukhulu.
Ayidumanga kuphela kubahambi ngenqanawa, kodwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zabahambi nabakhenkethi ngaphandle kwalo mdlalo. Kwaye ngawona maza makhulu akhe awatyhutyha kwaye athathelwa ingqalelo njengeentaba zamanzi eziyinyani. Baninzi abantu abazibuza ukuba kutheni kusenzeka kolu hlobo lwamaza kule ndawo. Siza kukuchaza oku ngendlela elula.
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba amaza amaninzi akhiwa ngumahluko wobunzulu obukhoyo kwi-morphology yaselwandle. Siyazi ukuba imisinga yolwandle iqhutywa ngumoya nokwahluka kobushushu okanye ubutyuwa bamanzi. Ke ngoko, njengoko kukho umahluko omkhulu kubunzulu phakathi kweshelfu yelizwekazi kunye nomwonyo, kukho ukuhamba kwamanzi okubangela ukuba kubekho amaza amakhulu.
I-Nazaré canyon ithathwa njengeyona gorge yaselwandle inzulu kunxweme lonke lwaseYurophu kwaye yenye yezona zinzulu ehlabathini. Sulwandiso lugubungela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-230 kunye nobunzulu beemitha ezingama-5.000. Xa uqhwithela olunamandla luvela eWNW kunye nonxweme lweNazaré, kwenzeka into enomdla ebandakanya izinto ezininzi: ilori, ishelfu yelizwekazi kunye nomsinga wonxweme. Ngenxa yoko, enza amaza amakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukuqulunqwa kwamaza eNazaré
Xa amaza ejonge elunxwemeni lwale dolophu, ihlala ikhula ngokukhawuleza kuba kukho izinto ezimbini ezibangelwe kukuma komhlaba. Ezi zinto zixabisekileyo ze-geomorphological, ezisisiseko se-morphology yenxalenye yaselwandle kunye nesantya somoya, zezona zinto zibangela ukuba olu hlobo lwamaza amakhulu lwenzeke. Ukucacisa ngcono oku, masicinge ukuba uLwandlekazi lweAtlantic, ukuba nzulu kakhulu, Ngequbuliso, udibana "nenyathelo" elinciphisa ubunzulu bolwandle phantse ngesiquphe. Olu tshintsho kubunzulu bolwandle lubangela ukudumba ukuxinana kunye neprojekthi phezulu.
Ukongeza, enye into edala olu hlobo lwamaza amakhulu kukuba umsinga wamanzi uhanjiswe ngaselunxwemeni kwicala lasentla-mzantsi. Kwa eli lizwi linye lamanzi liza kwicala lamaza angenayo yile nto inegalelo ekunyuseni phambili ukuphakama kwamaza afikelela elunxwemeni. Ngefuthe elikhulu, umva ongasemva, okwaziwa njengamanzi aqikelelweyo ukusuka elunxwemeni usiya elwandle, uya kunyusa ukuphakama kwamaza esiganeko ngeemitha ezimbalwa. Zonke ezi ntlobo zeenguqu kunye neemeko zenza Amaza kaNazaré abamba iRekhodi yeLizwe yeGuinness yamaza amakhulu awakhe abhenca.
Singatsho ukuba ukuyilwa olu hlobo amaza amakhulu kunesiphumo chain. Eyokuqala ngumahluko kubunzulu be-morphology yaselwandle. Oko kukuthi, kukho iindawo ezinamatye kunye nemingxunya enezimo zengqondo ezahlukileyo ezithelekisa isantya kunye nobunzulu amaza eza ngawo atshintsha obu bunzulu babuye. Lo mahluko kubunzulu yile nto ibangela ukonyuka kokuphakama kwamaza kwaye njengoko amaza ehlangana nomwonyo, amanzi asekhaya ayanda. Ikhonkco lokugqibela kwikhonkco yile i-counterwash enceda ukonyusa ngakumbi inqanaba kunye nokuphakama kweliza.
Aqikelelwa njani amaza onxweme
Ukuba ungumhloli ohambahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ukuze abambe amaza amakhulu, ukuqikelela kwala maza kubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganisa amaza kulwandle oluvulekileyo ngumsebenzi onzima ngakumbi kunokuba uvakala. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho umahluko kubude obubhaliswe zii-buoys kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwahlula amaza ngamanye ngokwahlukeneyo. Zonke iiboys zidlulile kwaye amaza afika evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ulwandle oluvulekileyo lwasetyenziswa kwaye lwalinganiswa kusetyenziswa imigangatho yeenkcukacha manani. Yi le, imilinganiselo isetyenziselwa ukwenza ubungakanani bebungakanani bamaza.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukukwazi ukuqikelela ukuphakama kwamaza kwiindawo zonxweme yinkqubo ethe ngqo ngakumbi. Inyani yile yokuba amaza kufuneka amkele icala elikhethekileyo njengoko esiya kwilizwekazi. Ukwahlula phakathi kwamaza ahlukeneyo kuchazwa ngcono kunxweme lolwandle oluvulekileyo. Ke ngoko, unokulinganisa ngokulula ubungakanani bamaza eNazaré kwaye uqikelele ukuba amaza aya kude kangakanani. Ukulungiselela le nto, iimodeli zemathematics zisetyenziselwa ukuthathela ingqalelo ezinye zeeparameter ezinje ngamandla omoya kunye nendlela eya kuyo. Kuya kufuneka uthathe ezinye izinto ezinje ngobume bamaza, ukudumba okungaphantsi kunye nobume bamanzi bendawo ekuthethwa ngayo.
Ezi modeli azikwazi ukuqikelela ngokuchaneka ngokupheleleyo ukuphakama kwamaza ngamnye aya kuba nawo ngokwahlukeneyo. Inika kuphela umzobo obonisa ukuphakama okuqhelekileyo okukho amaza xa kufikelela elunxwemeni. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kusetyenziswa iinkcukacha-manani ezixuba yonke idatha efunyenweyo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokucacisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi yaseGaussian.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngamaza eNazaré.