Ngaba unokucinga ukuba usebusuku ubukele indlela yonke unxweme exutywe ngayo kukukhanya okuluhlaza? Oku kuyenzeka kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ezi zii-enzymes ze-dinoflagellate luciferis.. Ezi microorganisms Zikhupha uhlobo oluthile lweflash eluhlaza xa zivuselelwa ngoomatshini yintshukumo yamaza. Isizathu sokuba benze oku kukumfamekisa amarhamncwa anokubakho kwaye bawasuse. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nale nto kwinqaku malunga iilwandle ze-bioluminescent eSpain.
Iindawo ze-dinoflagellata luciferis enzymes zihambelana nezona ndawo zibuthathaka nezisemngciphekweni kwihlabathi liphela. Ezinye zazo, ezifana nezo zisandul’ ukuchatshazelwa zizitshingitshane, iBioluminescent kunye neMosquito Bays ePuerto Rico. Le ndlela yokuzikhusela ikwadala isiphumo esikhethekileyo esiphantse siphume ngqo kwimuvi.
Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwachazwa ngokuba "lulwandle lweenkwenkwezi" okanye "i-marine aurora borealis" ngenxa yobuhle bayo obumangalisayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le bioluminescence inokujongwa kwizinto ezithile zaselwandle nasemhlabeni, eziza kusebenzisa obu buchule bumangalisayo bokutsala amaqabane, ukuzingela amaxhoba, okanye njengendlela yokuzikhusela.
Iziphumo zeFoxfire zamakhowa
Enye yeempembelelo zokukhanyisa esinokuzifumana ebusuku zaziwa ngokuba Impembelelo yeFoxfire. Eli gama libhekisa ku i-bioluminescence ekhutshwa sisikhunta esithile kumthi obolayo. I-genus ye-fungi evelisa oku kukhanya yi "Armillaria". Ezi fungi, ezaziwa ngokuba "ngamakhowa obusi," zinobomi obude kakhulu. Ezinye zazo zibhalwe njengezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu, ezifikelela kwiindawo ze-8.9 square kilometers, kunye nobomi obunokudlula iwaka leminyaka.
La I-Foxfire bioluminescence inempembelelo yembonakalo enomtsalane. Njenge-bioluminescence elwandle, le nto iyenzeka emahlathini nakwimigxobhozo idala umphumo womlingo oye wamangalisa abantu kwimbali yonke. Ngaphaya koko, iye yadityaniswa neentsomi ezininzi kunye neentsomi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, idala i-aura yemfihlakalo malunga nemvelaphi kunye nomsebenzi wayo.
Ezinye zeentlobo zeArmillaria Abavelisi kuphela iFoxfire, kodwa kunye ne "will-o'-the-wisp." Le nto iqulathe ukudumba kwemicimbi ethile, njenge-phosphorus kunye ne-methane. Kwenzeka xa izinto ezivela kumngundo kunye nezinye ukubola kwezilwanyana kunye nemifuno Ziyaphakama kwaye zenze amadangatye amancinci anokubonwa ehamba emoyeni kumgama omfutshane ukusuka phezulu. Lo mkhwa udla ngokuphazamana nokubonakaliswa kwamandla angaphezu kwendalo, nto leyo eyenza ukubhideka ngakumbi kunye nentsomi ejikeleze i-bioluminescence ngokubanzi.
Izibane ezigcwalisa ubusuku ngombala kwiindawo ezimbalwa zongeza umlingo kunye nemfihlakalo, zivusa umdla kunye nokuncoma kwabo babukeleyo.
I-Bioluminescence elwandle nasemahlathini
La izinto eziphilayo Yinto yendalo eyenzekayo xa izinto ezithile eziphilayo zidala ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezivelisa ukukhanya. Oku kwenzeka ngakumbi xa ezi zinto ziphilayo ziphazamisekile okanye zinentshukumo ethile, njengaxa egqabhuka amaza. Idla ngokuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luhlaza.
Ngale nto, imitha yokukhanya inokubonwa elunxwemeni, ngakumbi elunxwemeni nalapho amaza agqabhuka khona. Le nto inokubonwa kwaye iyathakazelelwa ebusuku, xa ukukhanya kwemini kungaphazamisi ukubonakala kwayo. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokukhanya kwezinye izinto, unokufunda malunga ne ibhola umbane.
La I-Bioluminescence ixhaphake ngokukodwa kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, kwaye eneneni, kucingelwa ukuba malunga ne-90% yezinto eziphilayo ezinzulu zolwandle zibonisa olu phawu. Nangona kunjalo, ikhona kwezinye iintlobo zefungi kunye nezinambuzane ezithile, ezifana ne-fireflies. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-bioluminescence idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem, ivumela izinto eziphilayo ukuba zenze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokuzala kunye nokukhusela.
I-Dinoflagellates yenye yezona qela ziyaziwa kakhulu ze-microorganisms ezivelisa i-bioluminescence. Ezi zidalwa ze-unicellular zisabela kwi-stimuli, ezifana nokuhamba emanzini, ngokuvelisa ukukhanya kokukhanya okunokuthi kubonwe ngeso lenyama ebumnyameni.
Iindawo zokunandipha i-bioluminescence
I-Bioluminescence ayikho nje into emangalisa izazinzulu; Ikwangumtsalane wabakhenkethi. Abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bafuna iindawo apho banokufumana khona umlingo we-bioluminescence mathupha. Ezi zezinye zezona ndawo zibalaseleyo apho unokuyonwabela le nto imangalisayo.
1. IMosquito Bay, eVieques Island (Puerto Rico)
Ithathwa njengelona chweba liqaqambileyo lebhayoluminescent ehlabathini, i iMosquito Bay Yindawo ekufuneka ibonwe ngabo banqwenela ukufumana amava e-bioluminescence. Eli theku lijikelezwe ngamahlathi kunye namanzi aluhlaza, kwaye ebusuku liyakhanyisa, lidala umbono okhethekileyo. Apho, inqanaba le-dinoflagellate liphezulu kangangokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga nama-480,000 ezinto eziphilayo ilitha nganye, nto leyo eyenza ibe yindawo enomlingo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga neendawo ezinomdla, ndwendwela inqaku malunga Ichibi iBaikal.
2. Laguna Manialtepec, Oaxaca (Mexico)
La Ichibi laseManialtepec inika amava afanayo kwiMosquito Bay, apho amanzi akhazimla ubunzulu obuluhlaza-luhlaza xa ephazamisekile. Eli chibi likwimizuzu nje eli-15 ukusuka ePuerto Escondido kwaye lidume ngokuba yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo emhlabeni zokujonga i-bioluminescence.
3. Ichibi elikhanyayo, eFalmouth (eJamaica)
La Ichibi elikhanyayo Sesinye isiza esidumileyo se-bioluminescence. Ifumaneka kunxweme olusemantla lwaseJamaica, eli chibi liyaziwa ngokuba yi-dinoflagellates, ekhanyisa amanzi xa iphazamisekile, ityhila iinkcazo ezikhanyayo zeentlanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
4. Enchanted Lagoon, Rosario Islands (Colombia)
El Ipaki yeSizwe yaseRosario Corals izindlu ze Enchanted Lagoon, apho i-bioluminescence inokubonwa ngokubonga kubukho be-algae Noctiluca scintillans. Apha, iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukuntywila kulwandle olubonakala luzele ziinkwenkwezi ezincinane, zinandipha umbono womlingo wasebusuku.
5. EToyama Bay, eJapan
Kulo toyama bay, i-bioluminescence ibangelwa yi Ufinyi squid. Rhoqo ebusuku, xa ubumnyama bugubungele itheku, iindwendwe zinokubona lo mmangaliso unqabileyo wendalo. I-bioluminescence kule ndawo ivutha ngokuhamba kwamanzi, idala i-parade yokukhanya okuluhlaza okuza kuguqula ubusuku bube ngumbono omangalisayo.
Iindawo ezongezelelekileyo zokusingwa ziquka iSiqithi saseVaadhoo eMaldives, apho ulwandle lubengezela njengesibhakabhaka esineenkwenkwezi. Iziganeko ezifanayo zinokubonwa kwiindawo ezifana neMatsu Archipelago eTaiwan okanye kunxweme lwaseCosta Rica.
Isayensi emva kwe-bioluminescence
I-Bioluminescence yinkqubo yeekhemikhali apho izinto ezithile eziphilayo zivelisa ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa i-enzymatic reaction ebandakanya iprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yi-luciferin. Xa i-luciferin i-oxidized ngesenzo se-enzyme luciferase, ikhutshwa amandla ngendlela yokukhanya. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ivelisa ukukhanya okubandayo, okuthetha ukuba phantse onke amandla akhutshiweyo alula hayi ubushushu. Izizathu zokuba kutheni izinto eziphilayo ziphuhlise obu buchule zihlukeneyo: ukusuka ekutsaleni amaxhoba, ukunxibelelana namanye amalungu eentlobo zabo, ukuzikhusela kwizilwanyana ezidliwayo.
I-Dinoflagellates, umzekelo, sebenzisa i-bioluminescence njengempendulo yokuhlaselwa, ukuvelisa i-flash enokutsala ama-predators amakhulu, asebenze njengomgibe. Kwimeko yesquid ezithile, ezi zidalwa zikhupha ilifu lokukhanya elizivumela ukuba zibaleke. Ukuqonda ngcono le nto, unokufunda malunga ne utshintsho kwindawo yeenkwenkwezi.
Esi siganeko asiphelelanga kwiilwandlekazi kuphela; Kukwakho nomngundo we-bioluminescent kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni ezinobu buchule. I-fungus ye-genus Armillaria, eyaziwa ngokuba ngamakhowa obusi, ngumzekelo weklasi we-terrestrial bioluminescence, i-botanists enomdla kunye nee-mycologists ngokufanayo.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo
I-Bioluminescence idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem yolwandle. Izinto eziphilayo ze-Bioluminescent, eziquka ibhaktheriya, i-phytoplankton kunye nezinye izilwanyana, ziyinxalenye isiseko sekhonkco lokutya. Izilwanyana ezininzi ezizingelayo zondla ezi zinto ziphilayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, izinto eziphilayo ze-bioluminescent zixhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo ukuze zikhule. Ukufumana uhlalutyo olunzulu lwe-ecosystems, unokujonga inqaku imfihlelo yobushushu bukaVenus.
Ngenxa yobuntununtunu kutshintsho lwendalo esingqongileyo, izinto eziphilayo ze-bioluminescent zinokusebenza njenge izalathi zezempilo ze-ikhosistim. Utshintsho kwi-dinoflagellate yabantu, umzekelo, unokulumkisa ngotshintsho kumgangatho wamanzi okanye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi.
Uphando lweBioluminescence lubonelela ngamathuba axabisekileyo kungekuphela nje kwisayensi kunye ne-ecology, kodwa nakwizicelo ezisebenzayo kwi-biotechnology kunye neyeza. Iiprotheni ze-Bioluminescent, ezifana ne-GFP (iprotheni ye-fluorescent eluhlaza) evela kwi-jellyfish, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-biology ye-molecular kunye ne-genetics.
Ezi proteni zibonakaliswe ukuba zineentlobo ezininzi izicelo, ukusuka esweni ukwanda kweeseli ukuya ekubhaqweni kwezifo. Oku kuvula amathuba amatsha ophuhliso lonyango olusebenzayo ngakumbi kunye noxilongo.
Njengoko uphando lwe-bioluminescence luqhubela phambili, izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka nokufumanisa iintlobo ezintsha ezibonisa olu phawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa okutsha okunokuthi kuxhamle kokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu.
Lo mcimbi ungaqhelekanga uyaqhubeka ukumangalisa kwaye uyonwabisa abo banethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokuyibona, ityhila ubume obumangalisayo ngeyona ndlela isulungekileyo. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwe-bioluminescence akusifundisi nje kuphela malunga nobomi kwiplanethi yethu, kodwa kusinceda ukuba siqonde ngcono indlela yokukhusela nokugcina i-ecosystem yethu, ebalulekileyo ekusindeni kwezilwanyana ezingenakubalwa kwaye, ekugqibeleni, uluntu ngokwalo.
