Siphila kwiplanethi apho kukho into encinci kuyo yonke into: imimandla apho imvula ine kakhulu kangangokuba izikhukhula ziyingxaki enkulu, abanye apho imvula inetha ngokulinganayo, kwaye abanye apho imvula ineesentimitha ezimbalwa ... kwaye hayi minyaka yonke. Olu hlobo lweendawo kunye nemozulu zenza umhlaba ube likhaya elimangalisayo.
Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba imvula ine kancinci? Ukuba kunjalo, ungaphoswa leli nqaku. Sijoyine kolu hambo lokufumana eyona ndawo yomileyo emhlabeni.
Eyona ndawo yomileyo emhlabeni: María Elena Sur
Eyona ndawo yomileyo kwiplanethi yethu UMaria Elena Sur (INYANGA). Ifumaneka kwingingqi ye eYungay, kwi (eChile), INYANGA yeyona ndawo yomileyo kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba. Ngomndilili wokufuma kwe-atmosphere (RH) we-17.3% kunye nomhlaba ongaguqukiyo we-RH we-14% kubunzulu bemitha enye, unokucinga ukuba ubomi abunakukwazi ukuphila apha… kodwa uya kuba uyaphazama.
Iimpawu zale enclave ziyafana nezo zeplanethi yethu engummelwane, iMars, kodwa izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa iintsholongwane ezihlala kwezi meko zinzima. Njengoko ipapashwe kwiphephancwadi IiNgxelo zeMicrobiology yokusiNgqongileyoEzi microorganisms ziluphawu lwamandla obomi obuguqukayo.
I-Microorganisms kunye nokuchasana kwabo okumangalisayo
Ezi microorganisms, ezifunyenwe kusetyenziswa ubuchule bebhayoloji yemolekyuli, zinokusinceda siqonde unxulumano phakathi kobomi namanzi. Abagcini nje ukusinda kwindawo eyomileyo emhlabeni, kodwa banokunyamezela okuphezulu kwimitha ye-ultraviolet.
Ukuba kukho ubomi kwi-MES, ingaba ikhona kuMars? Ewe, yinto enokwenzeka. Isazinzulu saseChile uArmado Azúa-Bustos sathi “ukuba kukho imeko-bume efana nayo eMhlabeni apho siye safumanisa iintsholongwane eziphilayo, ubukho bamanzi abubonakali busisithintelo sobomi kuMars,” okumangalisayo, akunjalo na?
Ukuqonda isiseko seemolekyuli zonyamezelo oluphezulu lwembalela kungasinceda ukuba siphuhle izityalo ezixhathisayo, ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi sinokuphela ngemithi yeziqhamo okanye izityalo zemifuno ezingadingi manzi amaninzi, into eya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwezolimo kwindawo eyomileyo.
Intlango yeAtacama: imozulu embi kakhulu
El Intlango yaseAtacama Ayidumanga nje ngokuba yeyona ndawo yomileyo ehlabathini, kodwa nangenxa yeendawo zayo ezinomtsalane kunye nemozulu egqithisileyo. Ngokutsho kwe-European Space Agency, le ndawo ehlabathini iyazi kuphela imvula phakathi kwamaxesha amabini ukuya kwamane ngenkulungwane. Kwezinye iindawo zasentlango kuthiwa akukhange kune mvula iminyaka engama-500. Kwezinye, akukho mvula ikhe yabhalwa. Ukuze ufunde banzi malunga nalo mkhwa wokuna kwemvula encinci, ndwendwela Yintoni wonke umntu ekufuneka uyazi malunga nemozulu yasentlango.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iNtlango yeAtacama iyinxalenye yonxweme oluyinkqantosi lwePasifiki eMzantsi Merika. Lo mcimbi waziwa ngokuba ithunzi lemvula, apho udederhu lweentaba zeAndes luvalela umoya ofumileyo osuka eAmazon, kwaye iPeruvian (Humboldt) yangoku ivelisa intshukumo enyukayo yamanzi abandayo esuka elwandle ebangela ukuguquka kobushushu. Ukuba ungathanda ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemeko zasentlango, ndwendwela injani imozulu entlango.
Nangona iNtlango iAtacama ifumana imvula encinane kakhulu, kukho iindlela ezichuliweyo abemi balo mmandla abaqokelela ngazo amanzi. Inkungu, eyaziwa ekuhlaleni njenge 'camanchaca', iba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokufuma. Le nkungu iqokelelwa zizityalo nezilwanyana ngokufanayo, kuquka abantu abahlala kulo mmandla, abasebenzisayo 'iminatha yenkungu' ukuyithimba kwaye iguqulwe ibe ngamanzi okusela, nto leyo emele ukulungelelaniswa okuphawulekayo kwindawo yayo.
Iimeko zigqithise kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa 'kuMars' woMhlaba. “Ungawa ngokoqobo, usike ingalo yakho elityeni, kwaye ungakhathazeki ngokufumana usulelo kuba akukho zintsholongwane zalapha,” utshilo uBrian Glass, umphandi oyintloko we-Atacama Rover Astrobiology Drilling Studies (ARADS; 2016–2019).
Ngapha koko, NASA uye wasebenzisa imimandla emininzi Atacama njengoko indawo yokuvavanya i-rover, ngokuqwalasela i-analogue epheleleyo yeplanethi ebomvu. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwentlango kwi-astrobiology kunye nokuhlola indawo. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngezinye iintlango, khangela iintlango zehlabathi.
Ubomi kwiNtlango yeAtacama
Ngelixa kukho ubomi obuncinci entlango, ummandla ukhula ngamandla (ukuthetha komntu). De kube kutsha nje, le ndawo ibinabemi abambalwa. Kwi ISan Pedro de Atacama, isango lokungena entlango, babembalwa kakhulu ababenobuganga bokujongana neemeko ezinzima ezinikelwa nguAtacama.
“Phantse kwakungekho mntu ukhe wahlala apha ngaphambili, sasiyidolophana enabantu abamalunga nama-200 engenambane namanzi aphuma empompini. Ndikhumbula umntu wokuqala owafumana isikhenkcisi.
Kodwa ngoku imeko itshintshe kakhulu. Imbonakalo-mhlaba yayo ekhethekileyo nenomtsalane iye yatsala abantu abaninzi khenketho. Naye ngokunjalo ukhenketho ngeenkwenkwezi iye yatsala amawaka abantu, njengoko iyeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yokubona iinkwenkwezi ehlabathini. Okwangoku, iChile inalo I-40% yalo lonke uqwalaselo lweenkwenkwezi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuba unomdla kwi-phenomenon yentlango eneentyatyambo, unokufunda ngakumbi apha.
Uqoqosho lwale ngingqi lulawulwa yi kwimigodi, oyena mthombo wengeniso kangangamashumi eminyaka. Iidiphozithi ze iitrate Baxhatshazwa ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-19 kwaye iChile yayinegunya lehlabathi ekuvelisweni kwesi sixhobo phambi kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Nangona owona mthombo wengeniso kulo mmandla kukwezimayini, ubhedu eChuquicamata, kwichibi laseCalama, apho ukukhutshwa kwenzeka khona kwindawo enokuthi igqalwe njengeyona ndawo yomileyo emhlabeni.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i I-lithium nayo ifumene ukubaluleka. I-Atacama Salt Flat yi-deposit enkulu ye-lithium brine yehlabathi, kwaye ichaza phantse yonke imveliso yaseChile yentsimbi eya kuba ngundoqo kwinguqu yamandla yehlabathi. Lo mthombo utsale ingqalelo kwihlabathi jikelele, njengoko i-lithium iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo iibhetri zemoto zombane kunye nezinye izixhobo zobuchwepheshe.
Intlango eneentyatyambo, eyenzeka rhoqo emva kwemvula engaqhelekanga, izisa ukugqabhuka kombala kwindawo eqhelekileyo eyomileyo. Oku akuguquli ngokubonakalayo kuphela ummandla, kodwa kunempembelelo kwi-ecosystem yendawo.
