Ukuphelisa uphononongo lwethu lwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu Sijonga elona lifu lihle kakhulu kwaye linomdla, sibhekisa kwi I-cumimbamus, Uhlobo lwesibini lwamafu athe nkqo nkqo, nangona eneneni sisiphumo seqela elinenkqubela phambili enkulu.
Ngokwe-WMO ichazwa njengelifu elingqindilili nelinoxinene, ene Inkqubela phambili ethe nkqo, ngeentaba okanye iinqaba ezinkulu. Inxalenye, ubuncinci bomphezulu wayo, idla ngokugudiswa, i-fibrous okanye i-striated, kwaye iphantse ihlale isicaba; Le nxalenye idla ngokunabela ngendlela yeanvil okanye iplamu enkulu. Ngaphantsi kwesiseko, kumnyama kakhulu, kubonakala amafu akrazukileyo kunye nemvula okanye iishawa. Ngapha koko, ezi ziganeko zinokunxulunyaniswa ne Amafu esichotho ebonisa iimeko ezingazinzanga zomoya.
Njengoko besesitshilo, iCumulonimbus linyathelo elilandelayo lophuhliso, kwinqanaba elinyukayo lokuhambisa, ukuya eCumulus Congestus, ke ngoko, ngamafu ophuhliso olukhulu nkqo (iincopho zihlala ziphakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-14 yeekhilomitha ukuphakama). Kwimimandla yethu ivela ikakhulu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni iimeko ezingazinzanga, nayo inokubangelwa ungcoliseko lomoya ethanda ukusekwa kwayo.
La mafu enziwe ngamathontsi amanzi kunye neekristale zomkhenkce phezulu okanye i-anvil. Ngaphakathi zikwaqulathe amathontsi amakhulu emvula, amahlwantsi ekhephu, umkhenkce, isichotho kunye neemeko zokungazinzi okugqithisileyo. isichotho ubukhulu obukhulu.
Ziphantse zivelise IngxakiOko kukuthi, imvula ngohlobo lwemvula, imvula okanye isichotho, ngokubanzi, nangona ikhephu lasebusika, lihamba nomoya onamandla kunye nokuphuma kombane okwenzeka phakathi kwamafu okanye phakathi kwelifu nomhlaba (umbane).
I-Cumulonimbus ngookumkani bamafu, abona bantu bafotwe kakhulu kwaye eyona inomtsalane. Baziboleka ukuba bafotwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwaye inika umdla ukukwazi ukufota ngokulandelelana kwesaqhwithi esipheleleyo. Akufunekanga ubhidaniswe namafu eCumulonimbus, aphakamileyo kwaye anesakhiwo se-fibrous phezulu. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba kukho amafu amaninzi anomdla, i I-Altocumulus zezinye iinguqulelo ezifanele ukukhankanywa.
Baneentlobo ezimbini (iCalvus kunye neCapillatus) kwaye akukho ntlobo. Iklasi yelifu ye-cumulonimbus iphawuleka ngokumila kwayo engaqhelekanga kunye neendudumo ezinamandla ezivelisayo. Kwimozulu epholileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo, zithanda ukubunjwa kwazo ngexesha leenyanga ezishushu zonyaka, nangona kuqhelekile ukuba zivele ebusika. Uphuhliso lwala mafu lunokufundwa ngaphakathi kwimeko ye ukuphakama nokuphakama kwamafu.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeCumulonimbus
Amafu eCumulonimbus makhulu, amafu ashinyeneyo aphawulwa ngale seti yeempawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubude kunye nophuhliso oluthe nkqo: La mafu anokusuka kwiindawo ezisezantsi (ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezi-2) ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu (ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 kwimimandla eshushu). Kwiimozulu ezipholileyo, zikholisa ukufikelela phakathi kwe-10 km kunye ne-15 km ubude.
- Shape: Ubume bazo bume nkqo kwaye budumbile, kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu esihlala sicaba, sibanika inkangeleko efana ne-anvil. Olu phawu lubangelwa yimisinga yomoya eyomeleleyo ngaphakathi.
- umbala: Zimhlophe ngokuqaqambileyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kodwa zinokujika zibe mnyama kwaye zoyikekayo ngexesha lezaqhwithi ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi kunye neekristale zomkhenkce eziziquletheyo.
- Imvula: Zaziwa ngokuvelisa imvula enamandla, isichotho, umbane kunye nemimoya enamandla. I ukungena komoya obandayo emazantsi inokuvelisa ukukhutshwa kombane okubalulekileyo.
Zenza njani iCumulonimbus clouds?
Ukwenziwa kweCumulonimbus kunxulumene nezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
- Umoya oshushu nofumileyo: Umoya oshushu uyafudumala xa udibana nomhlaba kwaye uqala ukunyuka ngenxa yobuninzi bawo obuphantsi. Oku kunyuka kuqiniswa kwiimeko apho kukho imisinga enamandla yokuhambisa.
- Ukupholisa kweAdiabatic: Njengoko umoya oshushu unyuka, uyaphola ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lomoya. Oku kupholisa kubangela ukujiya komphunga wamanzi, ovelisa amathontsi amanzi enza ilifu.
- Ukungazinzi komoya: Imekobume engazinzanga iyafuneka kwiatmosfera, apho umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwezihlwele zomoya ofudumeleyo nobandayo ukhuthaza ukukhula ngokuthe nkqo kwelifu. Ngaphandle kozinzo, ilifu alikwazi ukukhula ngokufanelekileyo.
- Imisinga yomoya: Las uhlaziyo kunye nokuthotywa ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweCumulonimbus zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo. Le misinga inokufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kumakhulu aliqela eemitha ngomzuzu.
Yonke inkqubo yokwakheka inokuthatha ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ze-atmospheric. Xa sele ephuhlisiwe, la mafu anokuqhubeka kwaye atshintshe imilo ekuhambeni kwexesha, ebonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kumanqanaba awohlukeneyo okuvuthwa. Le nkqubo yokuvuthwa inokuthelekiswa naleyo yezinye iifu, ezifana kagesi, ezinokwakheka kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo.
Iintlobo zeCumulonimbus kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo
Kuluhlu lwamafu e-cumulonimbus, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ezineempawu ezithile:
- Cumulonimbus calvus: Olu hlobo lwamafu aluphuhliswanga kancinci, luneziqongo ezigudileyo kunye nomsebenzi omncinci wombane. Lilizwe eliphakathi phambi kokuba libe yiCumulonimbus capillatus.
- Cumulonimbus capillatus: Le yeyona ndawo ikhulileyo kwaye iphuhlisiwe, apho uphawu lwe-anvil lunokubonwa. La mafu akholisa ukuba ngqongqo ngakumbi ngokwemiqathango yemvula kunye nomsebenzi wokuhamba.
I-Cumulonimbus inokuvelisa izinto ezihambelanayo, ezifana amafu mama, eziyi-protuberances eziphuhlisayo kwisiseko selifu, kunye ne amafu e-arcus, ezinemilo yophawu kwisiseko sazo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ziphumo zokubonwayo zinokumangalisa njengoko zibonwa kuyo Amafu ePileus.
Impembelelo kwimeteorology kunye nokubhabha
Amafu e-Cumulonimbus anempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwimozulu kwaye anomdla ngakumbi kwiingcali zemozulu. Zinokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lomoya ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Isiphithiphithi esimandla: Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo kunye nobushushu bunokubangela isiphithiphithi esiyingozi esichaphazela ukuzinza kwenqwelomoya.
- Imibane kunye nezothuso zombane: Izaqhwithi ezinxulunyaniswa neCumulonimbus zaziwa ngokuvelisa umbane, onokuba yingozi kwiinqwelomoya kunye neenkqubo zazo zombane.
- Isichotho: Ziyakwazi ukuvelisa isichotho esikhulu esibeka ingozi enkulu kwinqwelomoya, iifuselage ezonakalisayo, iinjini kunye neenkqubo zokulawula.
- Iimeko ezisezantsi zokubonakala: Izantyalantyala zemvula kunye namafu ashinyeneyo anokunciphisa kakhulu ukubonakala, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhla nokunduluka.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabasebenzi beenqwelo-moya baqaphele ubukho bala mafu kwaye bahlale benolwazi malunga nophuhliso lwabo ngeengxelo zemozulu kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zerada. Ukongezelela, izazi ngemozulu zithatha le nto ukuze ziqikelele izaqhwithi eziluhlaza ezinxulunyaniswa neemeko zokungazinzi kwe-atmospheric.
Amafu eCumulonimbus yinto enomdla kwaye entsonkothileyo edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimozulu yethu. Ukuqonda indlela la mafu abumba ngayo kwaye aphuhlise anokunceda kuphela i-meteorologists, kodwa nabo bonke abo banandipha ubuhle kunye namandla endalo.
