Isiphumo se greenhouse Yinto phantse wonke umntu oyivileyo namhlanje. Abaninzi bathi i-greenhouse effect ibangela ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nemiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ikwanxulumene nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Kodwa ngaba bayawazi ngokwenene umsebenzi wempembelelo yegreenhouse, indlela eyenzeka ngayo, yaye ziziphi iimpembelelo enazo kwisijikelezi-langa?
Phambi kokuchaza ukuba yintoni na le greenhouse effect, ndiza kwenza ingxelo ukuze uyifunde le nto ngokubaluleka kwayo. "Ngaphandle kwesiphumo sendawo yokugcina izityalo, ubomi ngebungekho namhlanje njengoko sibazi njalo ngoba ngekhe kwenzeke". Oko kwathethi, ndiyathemba ukuba iyakufumana ukubaluleka okuyifaneleyo.
Ingcaciso ngeGreenhouse Effect
Oku kubizwa ngokuba "sisiphumo sombane oluhlaza" siqulathe ukunyuka kobushushu beplanethi okubangelwa isenzo seqela elithile leegesi, ezinye zazo eziveliswa ngokugqithisileyo ngumntu, ezifunxa imitha ye-infrared, ebangela ukuba umphezulu woMhlaba kunye nenxalenye ephantsi yomaleko we-atmospheric ejikelezileyo ukuba shushu. Kungumbulelo kule mpembelelo ye-greenhouse yokuba ubomi eMhlabeni bunokwenzeka, kuba, ngaphandle kwayo, amaqondo obushushu aphakathi anokuba malunga nama-88 degrees. Ukuqonda ngcono indlela le nto ichaphazela ngayo umhlaba, funda inqaku lethu yintoni ebangela i-greenhouse effect.
Yintoni iigesi zegreenhouse?
Izinto ekuthiwa zii-greenhouse gases okanye ii-greenhouse gases, ezinoxanduva lwesiphumo esichazwe apha ngasentla, zezi:
- Umphunga wamanzi (H2O)
- Ikharbhon diokside (CO2)
- Imethane (CH4)
- I-nitrogen oxides (NOx)
- IOzone (O3)
- Iiklorofluorocarbons (CFC ezingezizo)
Nangona zonke (ngaphandle kweeCFCs) ziyindalo, ukususela kwiNguqu yezoShishino kwaye ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamafutha efosili kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso kunye nothutho, kubekho ukonyuka okubonakalayo komthamo weegesi ezikhutshwa emoyeni. Uphawu lwezi gesi ze-greenhouse kukuba gcina ubushushu, ngoko okukhona ubuninzi bezi gesi emoyeni, kokukhona ubushushu buyancipha. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza i-greenhouse effect, unokujonga.
Yonke into yenziwa mandundu bubukho bezinye izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, nto leyo eye yanciphisa amandla okuhlaziya umoya wokuphelisa ikharbon diokside, oyena nobangela wempembelelo ye<em>greenhouse, njengoko iyeyona carbon dioxide ikhutshwa ngokubanzi namhlanje. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda imiphumo yokufudumala kwehlabathi, unokufunda ngakumbi malunga iziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Umphunga wamanzi
Umphunga wamanzi (H2O) onegalelo elikhulu kwimpembelelo yendalo yendalo kwaye yeyona inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nemozulu kwaye, ke ngoko, incinci ilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo zizinto ezenziwa ngabantu. Kungenxa yokuba umphunga uxhomekeke ngamandla kubushushu bomhlaba (obungenakuguqulwa ngumsebenzi wabantu, ukuba sijonga iindawo ezinkulu), kwaye ngenxa yokuba umphunga wamanzi udlula emoyeni ngokujikeleza okukhawulezileyo, okuhlala ngekota nganye. iintsuku ezilithoba.
Umoya omdaka
I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) inegalelo kubushushu bemo yoMhlaba ekuhlala kubo, ukuba nje ukuhlala kwayo kuluhlu oluthile. Ngaphandle kwekharbhon diokside, uMhlaba ubungayi kuba ngumqobo womkhenkce, kodwa kwelinye icala, ukugqithisa kuthintela ukuphuma kobushushu emajukujukwini kwaye kubangele Ubushushu obugqithisileyo beplanethi. Isuka kuyo yomibini imithombo yendalo (ukuphefumla, ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukutshiswa kwamahlathi endalo) kunye nemithombo ye-anthropogenic (ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili, utshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba (ikakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi), ukutshiswa kwe-biomass, imisebenzi yoshishino, njl. Ukuqonda ngcono impembelelo ye-greenhouse effect, ndikumema ukuba ufunde malunga imvelaphi yayo anthropogenic kunye neempembelelo zayo.
Isalathisi segesi yobushushu iye yanda ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, nto leyo eyenza mandundu le ngxaki.
Imethane
Yinto eyenzeka ngohlobo lwegesi kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ayinambala kwaye ayinasinyibilikisi emanzini kwinqanaba layo lolwelo. Iipesenti ezingama-60 zokukhutshwa kwayo kwihlabathi liphela yimvelaphi ye-anthropogenic, ikakhulu evela kwimisebenzi yezolimo kunye neminye imisebenzi yabantu. Nangona ikwavela ekuboliseni inkunkuma yendalo, imithombo yendalo, ukukhutshwa kwezibaso, njl. Kwiimeko apho kungekho oksijini.
Nitrogen oxides
I-nitrogen oxides (NOX) zii-nitrogen kunye neoksijini yeekhompawundi ezenza kwifom Ukutsha kunye neoksijini engaphezulu kunye namaqondo aphezulu obushushu. Zikhutshelwa emoyeni ukusuka kwimoto yokuphelisa (ngakumbi idizili kunye nokutsha), ukutshiswa kwamalahle, ioyile, okanye igesi yendalo, kwaye ngexesha leenkqubo ezinje nge-arc welding, electroplating, metal etching, kunye ne-dynamite detonation.
Ozone
IOzone (O3), kubushushu bemozulu kunye noxinzelelo, yirhasi engenambala kunye nevumba elibi, elinokuthi kuthi gingci kwinani elikhulu libe luhlaza. Eyona ndawo iphambili kuyo yeyokuba sisidibanisi esomeleleyo kakhulu, saziwa ikakhulu ngendima ebalulekileyo esiyidlalayo emoyeni. I-Stratospheric ozone isebenza njengecebo lokucoca ulwelo ayidluli Imitha yelanga eyingozi kumphezulu womhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-ozone ikhona kweyona ndawo iphantsi yomoya (troposphere), inokubangela, kwindawo yoxinaniso olwaneleyo, ukonakalisa utyani.
Ii-CFC
Iiklorofluorocarbons, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-CFCs, zithathwa kwiihydrocarbon kwaye, ngenxa yokuzinza okuphezulu kweekhemikhali zomzimba, zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengezipholisi, izixhobo zokucima kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa iiarosol. Ukwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeklorofluorocarbons zazingavumelekanga Inkqubo yaseMontreal, kuba bahlasela umaleko we-ozone ngokuphendula ngamachiza. Itoni enye yee-CFC iya kuvelisa ifuthe lobushushu behlabathi kwiminyaka eli-100 emva kokukhutshwa kwayo emoyeni ilingana namaxesha angama-4000 umlinganiso ofanayo wekhabhon dayoksayidi (CO2).
Iziphumo zokunyuka kwesiphumo sendawo yokugcina izinto
Njengoko sele sibonile, umphumo we-greenhouse "awubi" kule filimu, kodwa ukunyuka kwayo okuqhubekayo. Njengokuba imisebenzi yabantu isanda, sibona ukuba ukunyuka kwegesi ekrwada kuyanda njani kwaye njani ixesha ngalinye yandisa ngakumbi umndilili wobushushu beplanethi. Oku kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo nakubantu nakwindlela yabo yokuphila. Ukuqonda kakuhle imiphumo yenguqu yemozulu yexesha elizayo, ndincoma ukufunda eli nqaku iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwixesha elizayo.
Iziphumo ezinokuthi zibangele umphumo wegreenhouse onokubangela zezi:
- Ukwanda kubushushu obuphakathi bomhlaba.
- Ukonyuka kwembalela kwezinye iindawo kunye nezikhukula kwezinye.
- Ubuninzi obuphezulu bokwakheka kwenkanyamba.
- Ukunyibilika okuqhubekayo kwee-cap polar, kunye nokunyuka okulandelayo kumanqanaba olwandle.
- Ukonyuka kwemvula kwihlabathi liphela (kuya kunetha iintsuku ezimbalwa nangakumbi ngamandla).
- Yandisa inani leentsuku ezishushu, ziguqulelwe kumaza obushushu.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo.
Ngokutyikitywa kutshanje Isivumelwano saseParis Amazwe asamkeleyo anenjongo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya osingqongileyo oya emoyeni, oko ke kunceda ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uluntu lwenzululwazi luqhube izifundo ezininzi apho kugqitywe kwelokuba ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kweplanethi anyuke ngaphezulu kweedigri ezimbini zecelsius, iziphumo zingangaguquguquki. Kungenxa yoko le nto babeke ubuninzi be-CO2 yoxinaniso kwiplanethi kwi-400 ppm. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, olu xinzelelo luye lwadlula kwiminyaka emibini ilandelelana.
Iziphumo ezingalunganga zegesi ezigcina ubushushu ebantwini
I-NO2 inokubangela iziphumo kwimpilo nakwintlalo-ntle yabantu, ibangele ukucaphuka kwimpumlo yempumlo kunye nokonakalisa inkqubo yokuphefumla ngokungena kwiindawo ezinzulu zemiphunga, nangokufaka igalelo ekubunjweni ukuwa kwekhephu. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale nto, jonga inqaku lethu iziphumo zemvula eneasidi.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-SO2 iphendula ngamanzi e-atmospheric ukuvelisa imvula eneasidi, iyacaphukisa i-mucus kunye namehlo, kwaye ibangela ukukhohlela xa uphefumle. Imvula eneasidi inokuba neziphumo ezingangqalanga kwimpilo, njengoko amanzi aneasidi anokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye nezinto eziyityhefu ezivela emhlabeni, amatye, imibhobho, kunye nemibhobho, kwaye emva koko ziqhubele kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela, zibangele ityhefu. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesiganeko semvula ye-asidi, jonga eli nqaku.
Ukuwa kwekhephu
Iziphumo ezingundoqo zezi gesi kwindalo esingqongileyo yimvula eneasidi. Isenzeko semvula eneasidi (kubandakanya ikhephu, inkungu nombethe weasidi) ineziphumo ezibi kokusingqongileyo, kuba ayichaphazeli kuphela umgangatho wamanzi, kodwa ikwachukumisa nomhlaba, i-ikhosistim ngokunjalo, ingakumbi kuhlaza. Esinye isiphumo semvula eneasidi kukwanda kwe ubumuncu bamanzi amatsha kwaye ngenxa yoko ukwanda kwesinyithi esinetyhefu enzima ebangela ukuwa kwamatyathanga e-trophic kunye nenkqubo yokuzala kwentlanzi, kugweba imilambo kunye namachibi ekunciphiseni kodwa okungenakoyiswa kwizilwanyana zabo.
Imvula eneasidi ikwanazo neziphumo ezibi ngaphakathi kokusingqongileyo ezidolophini, kwelinye icala, ukubola kwezakhiwo, ukuthotywa kwamatye eechedrals kunye nezinye izikhumbuzo zembali, kwelinye icala, ukuthanda inkqubo yokuphefumla ebantwini, esele ikhankanyiwe. .
Umsi wemifanekiso
Esinye isiphumo se-asidi yeegesi yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-smog; eyi-anglicism eyenziweyo kumanyano lwamagama umsi (umsi) nenkungu (inkungu) luhlobo longcoliseko lomoya oluvela ekufakweni komsi kwinkungu (ukusuka kwenye ierosol ukuya kwenye ierosol). Ukutshaya okungwevu okanye umsi wemizi-mveliso kukungcoliseka komoya okuveliswa umqala nesalfure. Owona mthombo wezinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisayo ezinegalelo kwi-grey smog kukutsha kwamalahle, anokuba phezulu kwisulfure. Kukho i-photochemical smog evela kwizinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen kunye nokukhupha umsi ophuma kwiimoto, ezixutywe phantsi kweempembelelo zemitha yelanga, ukuvelisa igesi ye-ozone, enetyhefu kakhulu. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale nto, unokufunda malunga ne isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukunciphisa isiphumo sokugcina?
Ukukhutshwa kwegesi kufuneka kulawulwe kwizikali ezibini ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zibhekisa kwizinto ezikhutshwa kwizithuthi okanye kwishishini ngokubanzi. Ukuze siqonde indlela ukufudumala komhlaba okusichaphazela ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imvelaphi yayo.
Iitraki kunye neenjini zemoto zingumthombo obaluleke kakhulu woku kungcola. Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe zombini iindlela zokuthintela nokucoca iigesi ezikhutshwe yinjinjini ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshelwe emoyeni. Unokuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwendlu engcolileyo ngala manyathelo alandelayo:
- Sebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ukukhwela ibhayisikile okanye ukuhamba ngeenyawo.
- Sebenzisa iinjini ezinobuchwephesha obungcolileyo obuncinci, umzekelo, iinjini ezifaka endaweni yezibaso kunye neefutha ezingcolisayo, umzekelo, igesi yendalo, i-alcohols, i-hydrogen okanye umbane.
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza kweinjini ukuze iikhilomitha ezininzi zenziwe ngeelitha ezimbalwa zepetroli.
- Guqula i-injini ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwayo.
- Yandisa iirhafu kunye neerhafu ekufuneka iimoto ezingcolileyo zihlawule kwaye zikhuthaze utshintsho lwazo kwezintsha. Oku kuyakukhuthaza abenzi beemoto ukunciphisa umsi kunye nokukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bathenge izithuthi ezicocekileyo.
- Yenza imimandla yabahambi ngeenyawo kumaziko esixeko kwaye, ngokubanzi, kuthintele ukujikeleza kwezithuthi zabucala kwezinye iindawo zeedolophu.
Ngale nto ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesiphumo esisigcina siphila kodwa kubalulekile ukuba siyigcine ikwindawo ezinzileyo eyoneleyo ukuze ukwanda kwayo kungabangeli iintlekele zemozulu.
Inqaku linomdla kakhulu, ndiyavuyisana nawe