IiAlps, enye yezona ntaba zinomtsalane eYurophu, zijongene nengxaki eyothusayo: inokuba ikhephu kakhulu ekupheleni kwenkulungwane. Le prognosis ixhalabileyo sisiphumo sophononongo olwenziwayo lwaza lwapapashwa kwijenali ICryosphere, kwaye igxininisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphumeza amanyathelo asebenzayo okuthintela ukufudumala kwehlabathi, okusongela olu luhlu lweentaba luphawulekayo.
IAlps, ibamba a iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo kunye umtsalane omkhulu wabakhenkethi, ayibalulekanga kuphela kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa nakuqoqosho lwamawaka oluntu oluxhomekeke kwi ukhenketho lwasebusika. Ke ngoko, olu phononongo kufuneka lusebenze njengobizo lwesenzo, ngokuzimeleyo nangokudibeneyo, ukujongana nengxaki yemozulu.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lophononongo, ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse akuncitshiswa, kulindeleke ukuba ngonyaka we-2100, Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% yekhephu le-alpine linganyamalala. Enyanisweni, umbhali okhokelayo wesifundo, uChristoph Marty weZiko le-Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), uthi "ukugquma kwekhephu kwiiAlps kuya kuncipha, kodwa ukukhutshwa kwethu kwexesha elizayo kuya kulawula ukuba kungakanani."
Impembelelo yokungabikho kwekhephu iya kuba nzulu kakhulu. Iidolophana needolophu ezikufuphi neeAlps, ezixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kushishino lokhenketho lwasebusika, ziya kuva imiphumo yolu tshintsho lwemozulu. USebastian Schlögl, omnye wabaphandi beSLF, uthi ngaphandle komlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wemvula ngendlela yekhephu, Uqoqosho kunye noluntu kwimimandla yabakhenkethi luya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.
Ikhephu kwiiAlps
Uphando luveze ukuba ixesha lokutyibiliza linokufinyezwa kakhulu, ukuqala ukuya kwinyanga kamva kunangoku, okuya kuchaphazela izigidi zabatyibiliki kunye nabathandi bemidlalo yekhephu. Okwangoku, ikhephu elaneleyo linokuqinisekiswa kuphela kwimisebenzi yasebusika kwi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwe-2,500 yeemitha. Oku kubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abathandi bekhephu abaya kunandipha ngayo iintaba kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Imeko yemozulu iye yatshintsha kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umzekelo, kulo nyaka, ikhephu alizange lifike kwiiAlps de kube nguJanuwari, kwaye icala laseSwitzerland lafumana owona mba womileyo kaDisemba ukusukela oko iirekhodi zaqala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-150 eyadlulayo. Ngaphezu koko, i-2016 ibingunyaka wesithathu olandelelanayo kunye nokunye ukungabikho okuphawulekayo kwekhephu ngexesha leKrisimesi, ebonisa indlela eyothusayo esele iphuhliswa.
Ukuqonda ngcono le ngxaki, kubalulekile ukuphonononga impembelelo ye amaza obushushu achaphazela iYurophu, eye yashiya iintaba zeAlps ngaphandle kwekhephu elilindelekileyo kumaxesha onyaka adlulileyo.
I-Snow Cape
Ukungabikho kwekhephu akukuphela kwenkxalabo. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba Umaleko wekhephu ogqume olu dederhu lweentaba awusayi kuba nzulu kangako kuzo zonke iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye naphantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhutshwa. Ukonyuka kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kuya kukhokelela kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo eya kuthi emva koko iguqule amandla okuna kwemvula kummandla. Ngelixa ezinye iimodeli zemozulu zibonisa ukunyuka okuncinci kwimvula yasebusika, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunokubangela ukuba imvula engakumbi endaweni yekhephu.
Uphononongo oluphambili lubonise ukuba imodeli yangoku yemozulu iprojekthi yokuba iindawo eziphakamileyo zokuphakama, kwanazo zingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-3,000, zisenokulahleka. I-40% yekhephu ekupheleni kwenkulungwane. Oku kuyothusa, njengoko uninzi lweendawo zokuchithela iiholide ezikhulayo kwi-ski kulo mmandla zixhomekeke kwindawo efanelekileyo yokugquma ikhephu ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.
Ngombono obanzi, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela impembelelo yale nto kwi IiAlps zaseSwitzerland kunye neziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi kule mimandla yabakhenkethi.
Utshintsho lwemozulu
Utshintsho kwikhephu kunye nomkhenkce aluyi kuchaphazela kuphela ukhenketho, kodwa kwakhona iya kutshintsha i-ecosystem yasekhaya kunye ne-biodiversity. Njengoko ikhephu liza kuncipha kakhulu, imikhenkce yealpine, esebenza njengemithombo yamanzi endalo, isengozini enkulu. EJamani, iintaba zomkhenkce kwiiAlps kulindeleke ukuba zicutheke ubuncinane ngesinye kwisithathu ngo-2050, ilahleko enokuba nkulu ngakumbi ukuba amaqondo obushushu ayaqhubeka nokunyuka.
Oku kuhla kwekhephu kulindeleke ukuba kutshintshe umthamo wamanzi aqukuqelayo kwimisinga nakwimilambo ekuhambeni kwexesha, nto leyo eya kuthi ichaphazele ezolimo, imveliso yamandla, kunye nolawulo lobutyebi bamanzi.
Imvula eninzi ebusika, ukugquma kwekhephu okuncinci kunye nomkhenkce onyamalalayo kuya kucebisa ikamva elibi kwi-ecology yee-Alps, njengoko oku kungayi kubangela utshintsho kwimozulu kuphela, kodwa kuya kuba nefuthe kuluntu oluxhomekeke kula manzi ukuze baphile. Ukuphanda nzulu kwindlela imvula kunye nekhephu ezichaphazeleka ngayo kulo mmandla, siyakumema ukuba ufunde malunga foehn isiphumo, into enokuqina kwixesha elizayo.
Impembelelo kukhenketho nakuqoqosho
- Iidolophana zaseAlpine zixhomekeke kakhulu kukhenketho lwasebusika, oluya kusongelwa ngokuhla kwekhephu.
- Ixesha le-ski kulindeleke ukuba libe lifutshane kakhulu, libe nefuthe kuqoqosho lwengingqi.
- Uqikelelo lucebisa ukuba ikhephu liza kufumaneka kuphela kumphakamo ongaphezulu kwe-2,500 yeemitha, oko kuthintelwa ukufikelela kwi-ski slopes.
- Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukwanegalelo ekwehleni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokuphazamiseka okumandla kwi-ikhosistim yasekhaya.
Imeko yangoku kwiiAlps idinga uhlalutyo olunzulu kunye nendlela edibeneyo yokunciphisa imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Njengoko uluntu lujijisana nesoyikiso esikhulayo sokufudumala kwehlabathi, kubalulekile ukuba uluntu lwehlabathi luhlangane ukuze lusebenzele ikamva elizinzileyo. IiAlps azikho nje ubuncwane bendalo, kodwa zikwangumthombo obalulekileyo wamanzi kunye nemithombo yezigidi zabantu baseYurophu, ngoko ke ukukhusela lo mmandla kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwezizukulwana ezizayo.
