Iindidi zamatye, ukwakheka kunye neempawu

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko sejiology. Imalunga ne iintlobo zamatye ezikhoyo. Oko umhlaba wethu wasekwayo, izigidi zamatye kunye nezimbiwa zenziwe. Kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yabo kunye nohlobo lwabo loqeqesho, kukho iintlobo ezininzi. Onke amatye ehlabathini anokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amakhulu amathathu: amatye angenanto, amatye entlenga kunye namatye e-metamorphic.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi zonke iintlobo zamatye akhoyo, iimeko zabo zokubunjwa kunye neempawu, lo ngumsebenzi wakho 

Amatye e-sedimentary

Masiqale ngokuchaza i amatye eentlenga. Ukuqulunqwa kwayo kubangelwa ukuthutha kunye nokubekwa kwezinto ngenxa isenzo somoya, amanzi kunye nomkhenkce. Zisenokuba zifakwe kwikhemikhali kulwelo oluthile olumanzi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi zixhobo ziyadibana ukuze zenze ilitye. Ngoko ke, amatye e-sedimentary akhiwe ngezinto ezininzi.

Kwelinye icala, amatye eentlenge ahlulelane ngobundlobongela nangokwexeshana

Amatye e-sedimentary detrital

Ezi zezo zenziwe ngokudibana kwamatye athile emva kokuba zithuthwe ngaphambili. Kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bamaqhekeza amatye, achongwa ngandlela thile. Ukuba uthe iziqwenga zinkulu kune-2 mm kwaye zijikeleziwe zibizwa ngokuba zii-conglomerate. Kwelinye icala, ukuba zii-angular zibizwa ngokuba zizikhewu.

Ukuba iziqwengana ezenza eli litye zikhululekile, zibizwa ngokuba zii gravel. Mhlawumbi uvile ngegrabile. Nini zincinci kune-2mm kwaye zinkulu kune-0,6mmOko kukuthi, ngeliso lenyama nokuba nge-microscope ebonakalayo babizwa ngokuba ngamatye esanti. Xa iziqwenga ezenza iliwa zincinci kangangokuba sifuna i-electron microscope, zibizwa ngokuba yisilika nodongwe.

Namhlanje, igrabile isetyenziswa njengendawo edityanisiweyo kulwakhiwo kunye nokwenza ikhonkrithi. Ii-conglomerates kunye namatye entlabathi asetyenziselwa ukuhlala kwawo ekwakhiweni. Udongwe lusetyenziswa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunye neenjongo zonyango kunye nezithambiso. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezitena kunye neekeramics. Iimpawu zabo zokuthintela amanzi zibenza balungele ukufunxa ukungcola kunye nokucoca kwishishini. Zisetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli ekrwada xa kusakhiwa indonga zeadobe kunye neendonga zodaka kunye nokwenza izinto zomdongwe zemveli, izinto zodongwe kunye ne-porcelain.

Amatye e-sedimentary angabonakaliyo

Ezi ntlobo zamatye zenziwa imvula yeemichiza ezithile kwizisombululo zolwelo. Ezinye izinto ezinemvelaphi ye-organic zinokuqokelelana ukuze zenze la matye. Elinye lawona matye aqhelekileyo naziwa ngolu hlobo ngamatye ekalika. Yenziwe ngemvula ye-calcium carbonate okanye ingqokelela yamaqhekeza wamathambo eekorale, ii-ostracods kunye neegastropods.

Kuqhelekile ukubona iziqwenga zeefosili kolu hlobo lwamatye. Umzekelo welitye lekalika libala. Iliwa elinamatye anezityalo ezininzi kwaye ahlala emilanjeni xa icalcium carbonate inyibilika kutyani.

Omnye umzekelo oqhelekileyo yi-dolomites. Zihluke kwizinto zangaphambili kuba zinekhemikhali enomxholo ophezulu we-magnesium. Xa amaqokobhe ezinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngesilica eqokelelana, kuye kuvele amatye elitye lenyengane.

Kukho uhlobo lwelitye ngaphakathi kwendawo engabonakaliyo iminxeba evaporitic. Ezi zinto zenziwa ngomphunga wamanzi kwimeko yolwandle nakwimigxobhozo okanye kumadike. Elona litye libaluleke kakhulu kweli qela yi-gypsum. Ziyakhiwa ngemvula ye-calcium sulfate.

Ilitye lekalika lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwesamente kunye nekalika ekwakheni. Zizinto ezisetyenziselwa ulungelelwaniso kunye nokugquma komgangatho wezakhiwo. Amalahle kunye neoyile luhlobo lwelitye elingelolomngcipheko iifowuni ze-organogenic. Igama labo livela kwingqokelela yezinto eziphilayo kunye neentsalela zayo. Ngelixa amalahle ephuma kwintsalela yezityalo, i-petroleum ivela kwiplankton yaselwandle. Banomdla omkhulu wezoqoqosho ngenxa yexabiso labo eliphezulu le-calorifikhi yokuvelisa amandla ngokutsha.

Amatye anqabileyo

Olu luhlobo lwesibini lwerwala. Ziveliswa kukupholisa ubunzima bolwelo lobume besilicate ivela ngaphakathi eMhlabeni. Ubunzima obutyhidiweyo bubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwaye buqina xa bufikelela kumphezulu womhlaba. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo apholisa kuyo, ziya kunika iintlobo ezimbini zamatye.

Amatye ePlutonic

Ezi zinto zivela xa ubunzima bolwelo buthe phantsi komhlaba. Oko kukuthi, xa uphantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi, iityiwa ngaphakathi zikhula ngokusondeleyo kunye. Oku kubangela ukuba amatye ashinyeneyo, angabinayo porous ukuba enze. Ukupholisa ubunzima bolwelo kucotha kakhulu, ngenxa yoko iikristale zinokuba nkulu kakhulu.

Elinye lamatye adumileyo alolu hlobo inyengane. Ziqulunqwe ngumxube we-quartz, i-feldspar kunye ne-mica minerals. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neli candelo, sincoma ukuba undwendwele inqaku lethu amatye e-plutonic.

Amatye eentaba-mlilo

Olu hlobo lwenziwa xa ubunzima bolwelo bukhuphukela ngaphandle kumhlaba womhlaba buze buphole apho. La ngamatye enza xa udaka lwentaba-mlilo lupholile lwaya kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi noxinzelelo. Amakristali kula matye mancinci kwaye ane-amorphous uncrystallized glass-like matter.

Enye yezona ziqhelekileyo kwaye kulula ukuzibona ziziseko kunye nepumice. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngolu hlobo lwamatye, unokujongana neposi malunga amatye angenanto.

Amatye eMetamorphic

La matye aveliswa kumatye asele ekhona kwaye adlule ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo luyanda ngokweenkqubo zejoloji. Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwezi ntlobo zamatye kubenza batshintshe ukwakheka kunye neeminerali. Le nkqubo ye-metamorphic yenzeka kwimeko eqinileyo. Iliwa akufuneki linyibilike.

Uninzi lwamatye e-metamorphic luphawulwa ngokucolwa ngokubanzi kweeminerali zabo, okwenza ilitye libe mcaba kwaye libe ne-laminated. Esi siphumo sibizwa ngokuba yi-foliation. Ukuba ufuna ukungena nzulu kwesi sihloko, ungalibazisi ukutyelela inqaku Amatye eMetamorphic.

Amatye aqhelekileyo awaziwayo zizileyiti, imarble, iquartzite, i-gneiss kunye nee-schists.

Sele uzazi ngcono iintlobo zamatye akhoyo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwawo. Ngoku lithuba lakho lokuya ebaleni kwaye uqaphele ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zamatye ozibonayo kwaye unciphise ukwenziwa kunye nenkqubo yokwakheka.