Ukuba sithetha ngenye iliza lobushushu eSiberiaMhlawumbi ucinga ukuba sinendawo engalunganga. Ngenxa yokuba lo mmandla ubanzi we Russia Ibonakala ngokuba yenye yezona ndawo zibandayo kwiplanethi yethu. Ngapha koko, ukuxinana kwabantu bayo ayingobantu abathathu ngekhilomitha nganye ngenxa yobunzima bemozulu yayo.
Nangona kunjalo, i kutshintsha kwe mozulu ibangela iimeko ezingakholelekiyo kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Yinto eyenzekileyo kwakhona IGreenland ngoMeyi wokugqibela. Siza kuthetha nawe ngayo yonke le nto, kodwa kuqala kufuneka sikubeke emxholweni.
Imozulu yaseSiberia
iTundra yaseSiberia
Uninzi lwalo mmandla mkhulu waseRashiya imozulu i-subarctic, kunye nehlobo elifutshane kakhulu kunye nemvula kunye nobusika obude nobubanda kakhulu. Kulula ukuba lo mva ufikelele kumaqondo obushushu angama-50 degrees. Kodwa kuye kwakho iirekhodi ezingaphantsi. Umzekelo, kwisixeko sase everkhoyansk babephantsi kwe -68.
Olunye uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lwale ndawo kwaye, njengoko siza kubona, olunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nengxaki yokufudumeza kwayo kubukho iqabaka. Eli gama linikwa umaleko womhlaba osoloko umkhenkce kule mimandla ibandayo. Ngokulandelayo, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: engaphezulu okanye imollisol kunye nobunzulu okanye pergelisol.
Le yokugqibela yileyo ihlala ingumkhenkce, ngoxa eyokuqala isusa ikhephu nomkhenkce ngobushushu. I-Permafrost yenzeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane ezi polar. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ze ECanada, eGreenland, eNorway kwaye, ngokuchanekileyo, eSiberia. Njengoko siza kubona kamva, ubushushu bubangela ukuba wonke lo maleko womhlaba unyibilike kwaye ube nemiphumo emibi. Kodwa ngoku siza kuthetha nawe ngemeko yaseGreenland naseSiberia ngokwayo.
Ubushushu eGreenland
Ulwandlekazi lweArctic kunye nomkhenkce walo
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, esi siqithi sikhulu siphakathi kweAtlantiki neArctic Oceans safumana ubushushu obumangalisayo. amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 degrees ngaphezu kwesiqhelo ngeli xesha kule ndawo. Ngokutsho kombutho Umngcipheko weArctic, elijongene nokuwalinganisa ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwalo mmandla wesi sijikelezi-langa, “ngaphaya Isangqa seArctic amaqondo obushushu abhalwe ngaphezulu kwama-24 degrees celcius.
Bakwachazile ukuba amaza obushushu angaphambili luphawu lokutshintsha kwemozulu esisokolayo. Izilumkiso zakhe zingqamana nezo zenziwa ngamanye amaziko. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, izazinzulu ezininzi zapapasha iphepha kwijenali Nature Communications apho balumkisa ukuba, ukuba yonke into iqhubeka njengangaphambili, “IArctic iza kuphelelwa ngumkhenkce ngehlobo lowama-2030”.
Ukufudumala kwale ndawo yeplanethi yethu kuya kuba neziphumo ezibi kuye wonke umntu. Ngokutsho kwaba baphengululi, iArctic enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu inokubangela ngakumbi utshintsho lwemozulu kunalowo sabandezelekayo. Ngokukodwa, iya kubonakala kumaza amakhulu obushushu, izikhukula eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi kwesibanzi, kunye nemililo yasendle.
Kwakhona, ukunyibilika kuya kuzisa a ukwanda kobude kwiilwandle kunye nokutshisa kwazo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba umkhenkce ufunxa inxalenye enkulu yemitha yelanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amanzi ahlale ebanda ngakumbi. Kodwa, xa lowo unyamaleleyo, zonke zaziya kuphelela elwandle, zinyuse ubushushu balo. Kwaye eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba yonke into esiyicacisele yona sele isenzeka, njengoko sibona kwi iliza lobushushu eSiberia.
Amaza obushushu eSiberia
Isitrato esiseBarnaul, eSiberia
Emva kokuba amaqondo okushisa aphezulu abhalisiwe eGreenland, ukususela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuye kwaba yithuba lommandla waseSiberia. ukwaphula iirekhodi eziphezulu mihla le. Ukukunika umbono, kukho amaxesha apho idlule kumashumi amane ngokukaCelsius.
Kodwa, ukukubonisa imizekelo ethile, siya kukuxelela ukuba isixeko se naseNovosibirsk ebhalisiweyo 37,3 degrees kunye nokuba Toguchin 37,2. Worse kusenjalo Ordynskoe nge 38,1 kunye Barnawule kunye ne38,5. Nangona kunjalo, bathathe intende Baevo 39,6 kunye Kljuci, kunye nama-40,1 ngokukaCelsius.
Ngamazwi katitshala UJonathan Ovepeck ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan lo kufudumala okukhulu kummandla waseSiberia a "isilumkiso esikhulu" ngento enokwenzeka kuthi. Enyanisweni, ngokutsho kwakhe, kuthetha ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathini kuyenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba sikholelwe.
Kwangokunjalo, kuye kwachazwa UThomas Smith, isazi ngejografi kwiSikolo Soqoqosho saseLondon, sisithi okwenzeka eSiberia kuluphawu lokuba into eyahlukileyo kuleyo besicinga ukuba iyenzeka. Kodwa ke, ukufudumala kwemozulu yaseSiberia kunenye impembelelo eyingozi enxulumene, njengoko besitshilo, kwi-permafrost.
Ihlathi elikhulu liyatsha
Umbono wesixeko saseSiberia saseNovosibirsk
El iqabaka ilahlekelwa ngumkhenkce ongapheliyo ngenxa yolo bushushu buphezulu. Oku kukodwa a intlekele yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokuba iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane eziye zahlala zingumkhenkce kangangamawaka eminyaka zigcinwe kuyo. Ngokungathi oku akwanelanga, i-permafrost inezixa ezikhulu ze irhasi yemethane ethi, ngokunyibilika, nayo iphelele emoyeni.
Usenokungayazi, kodwa le gesi inamandla okwenza i-greenhouse effect yomelele kakhulu kuneCO2, nangona ithatha ixesha elincinci emoyeni. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kuyingozi kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo zombini ngenxa yobuninzi bayo nangenxa yomthamo wayo oyingozi.
Kodwa iingxaki ezibangelwa yi iliza lobushushu eSiberia nakwiindawo ezikufutshane neArctic Circle. Esinye isiphumo esibi kuku imililo yehlathi emikhulu ezenzeka kulo mmandla wehlabathi. Nangona isenokuvakala ixakile ngenxa yobushushu bayo obuphantsi, iSiberia ineendawo ezinotyani obuninzi. Umzekelo, i iindawo ezinamahlathi e-taiga, eziluhlobo lwehlathi le-boreal elibonakaliswe ngama-expanses amakhulu e-conifers. Ngokufanayo, kwezinye iindawo, iyanda i-tundra, leyo, yona, iqulethe i-mosses kunye ne-lichens kwi-bog kunye ne-peat (i-peat wetland) imihlaba. Konke oku kuthetha ubutyebi obuninzi bendalo obutshatyalaliswa ngumlilo.
Ukuqukumbela, iliza lobushushu eSiberia Ifikelela kubungakanani obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili. Ngokulandelayo, oku kubangela ukulahleka komkhenkce kwi-permafrost kunye nokuqhambuka kwemililo emikhulu esongela ukutshabalalisa lo mmandla mkhulu wesijikelezi-langa wethu ukubaluleka kwenkunzi ngokwembono ye-ikholoji.