Iinkomo zizilwanyana ezinkulu eziye zahlala nathi kangangeenkulungwane, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisondlo somntu nakwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngaba ukhe wacinga ukuba ukufuya imfuyo kuyichaphazela njani indawo esingqongileyo? Okulandelayo, siza kuhlolisisa lo mbuzo ubalulekileyo.
Icandelo lemfuyo linefuthe elibonakalayo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokophononongo lweFAO olunesihloko esithi "Imfuyo Umthunzi omde", kuqikelelwa ukuba ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuvelisa a 9% icarbon dioxide eveliswa yimisebenzi yabantu, a Iipesenti ezingama-65 ze-nitrous oxide, un Imitha engama-37% kunye 64% ammonia, nto leyo enegalelo ekwenzeni imvula ibe asidi. Ezi gesi ziphuma kumgquba, kwirhasi yamathumbu, nakwenye inkunkuma. Le meko iba mandundu ngakumbi kukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye namahlathi, aguqulwa abe ngamadlelo yondla iinkomo. Okwangoku, sele kuxakiwe Iipesenti ezingama-30 zomhlaba, yaye eAmazon, i-70% yendawo esetyenziswa ngabafuyi iye yagawulwa amahlathi. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela ukwanda kwezityalo, ezifana neavokhado, kunokonakalisa ngakumbi indalo esingqongileyo.
Ngokuphathelele umhlaba, Imihlambi iwonakalisa umhlaba ngokuwugaxa, uyikhukulise kwaye uyiguqule ibe ziimpawu ezithanda ukuba yintlango. Lo mcimbi uhambelana ne ukutshabalala kwentlango kwimimandla emininzi, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namahomoni kwimfuyo, kunye nezichumisi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo, zinegalelo ekungcoliseni umoya nomhlaba. Oku kubonakaliswa kwiziphumo eziyingozi zokufama kwefektri kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo jikelele.
Ukufuya ngokunzulu nako kuphazamisana nemijikelo yamanzi, ukunciphisa ukuzaliswa kwamanzi kumphezulu kunye neengqimba zangaphakathi zomhlaba. Oku kuba yingxaki ekhulayo njengoko inani labantu lisanda. Inyama nobisi sele imele I-20% ye-terrestrial biomass okwangoku; Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwabemi, imfuno yezi mveliso inokunyuka ngakumbi, ikhokelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi ngakumbi kunye nokungazi malunga nesidingo ioksijini kwiatmosfera yethu. Oku kwanda kwemfuno kunxulumene nengxaki ye kutshintsha kwe mozulu.
Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yokuFama ngokuBanzi
Ukufuya ngokunzulu kufuna ukwandisa imveliso yeprotheyini yezilwanyana, okukhokelela kwinkqubo apho izilwanyana ezininzi zikhuliswa kwiindawo ezincinci. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa inemiphumo enzima yokusingqongileyo.
Iifama ezinkulu, eziyimisebenzi yemfuyo ehlala izilwanyana ezininzi, zivelisa umthamo omkhulu wenkunkuma kunye nokukhutshwa. Le ngqokelela yeenkomo ivelisa isixa esikhulu Igesi yendlu eluhlaza, kuba noxanduva lwepesenti enkulu yokukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwemethane kunye ne-nitrous oxide, enamandla kakhulu kunekhabhon diokside. Imethane ekhutshwa ngexesha lokutyiswa zizilwanyana ezetyisayo, njengeenkomo, inegalelo ku I-25% yokufudumala kwehlabathi, into edityaniswe nayo iinzame zokuziqhelanisa.
Olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukufuya kwimizi-mveliso kumela 14.5% yezinto ezikhutshwayo zizonke kwihlabathi jikelele, ezidlula isixa sezo ziveliswa lulo lonke uhambo lwezithuthi. Ngoko ke, ukuguqulwa komhlaba wokukhulisa imfuyo kunye nokuveliswa kwesondlo kunegalelo elikhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi kwimimandla ebalulekileyo njengeLatin America. Lo mkhwa unxulunyaniswa nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kwizitovu zamaplanga namalahle emaphandleni, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nelahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuguqula umhlaba ube yingca ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili ilahleko yendalo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-70% yokugawulwa kwamahlathi eAmazon kungenxa yokudalwa komhlaba wokufuya iinkomo. Oku akunciphisi kuphela indawo yokuhlala yendalo yeentlobo ezininzi, kodwa kuphazamisa nemijikelo yezondlo emhlabeni. Ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo yinkxalabo ekhulayo kumxholo we ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Umhlaba wasefama ozinikele ekufuyeni imfuyo ukwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweekhemikhali ezingcolisa iindawo zamanzi ezikufutshane. Izichumisi kunye nezitshabalalisi ezisetyenziswa kulimo olunzima zingakhokelela i-eutrophication yemilambo namachibi, ebangela ukwehla komgangatho wamanzi kwaye ichaphazele ngokunzulu indalo yasemanzini. Kubalulekile ukufunda ukuba olu tshintsho luzichaphazela njani izityalo nezilwanyana, kunye nezilwanyana ezinokuchatshazelwa bubushushu nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi
Ukufuya imfuyo kudla malunga 8% yamanzi acocekileyo ehlabathi. ESpain, icandelo lemfuyo lisebenzisa umthamo olingana nento yonke imizi yelizwe eyayiza kudla ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-21, elingana nangaphezulu. 48,000 billion cubic metres zamanzi ngonyaka. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kunempembelelo kwi kutshintsha kwe mozulu, ngokuchaphazela ubutyebi bamanzi.
Olu setyenziso lugqithisileyo luqiniswa ngakumbi yi ungcoliseko lwemithombo yamanzi; Ukufuya kwimizi-mveliso ngomnye wemithombo ephambili yongcoliseko, ekhokelela kungekuphela nje ekuthotyweni komgangatho wamanzi kodwa nakwiingxaki zempilo yoluntu, kubandakanywa nokumelana ne-antibiotic kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuhambelana nokunyuka komgangatho weengxaki zobomi kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo kukutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukuveliswa kunye nokuKhutshwa kweeGasi zeGreenhouse
Imveliso yemfuyo idibaniswa nomthamo omkhulu wezinto ezikhutshwayo ezinegalelo kutshintsha kwe mozulu. Iinkomo kunye nezinye ezetyisayo zinoxanduva malunga noko 62% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngokusebenzisa icandelo lemfuyo. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu kwimveliso yemethane ngexesha lokwetyisa, kunye nolawulo lomgquba kunye nemveliso yokutya. Le gesi inefuthe elinamandla Amaxesha ama-25 amakhulu kunekharbon diokside, nto leyo eyenza ukufuya kube yenye yezinto ezinegalelo ekunyukeni kobushushu behlabathi. Inkalo enxulumene nendlela abantu bayitshintshile imozulu ngendlela ekhawulezileyo.
Ngo-2050, imfuno yenyama kunye neemveliso zobisi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke 20%, enokukhokelela ekukhutshweni kwe-CO2 ngokungazinzanga ngaphandle kokuba ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo ziphunyezwe kwishishini lokutya. Oku kunyuka kwexhala kunokunxulumana noqikelelo lobushushu behlabathi eColombia kunye neziphumo zako.
Iindlela ezizezinye kunye nezisombululo kuMfuyo
Ukutshintshela kwiindlela ezizinzileyo zokufuya ibalulekile ukunciphisa ifuthe loshishino lokusingqongileyo. Ukufuywa kwemfuyo okubanzi kuboniswa njengenye indlela enokusetyenziswa, njengoko ivumela ulawulo olungcono lwezixhobo kwaye ikhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji ngokugcina i-ecosystem elinganayo. Oku kubalulekile kumxholo we ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Izenzo ezizinzileyo zingabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obuphezulu bokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokutyisa ezizinzileyo ezinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesondlo esigxininisiweyo kunye neekhemikhali. Ukuthatha indlela epheleleyo ethathela ingqalelo impilo yomhlaba, intlalontle yezilwanyana kunye nokwahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kunokunceda ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo lokufuya imfuyo. Le ndlela ibanzi inokuphinda incede ukujongana nemingeni ebangelwa kukunyuka kwe-allergies kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukutshintsha kokutya kwabantu nako kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kushishino lwemfuyo. Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kokutya okusekelwe kwizityalo kunye nokunciphisa inyama kunye nemveliso yobisi akuyi kunciphisa imfuno kuphela kodwa kuya kuba negalelo kwinkqubo yokutya ezinzileyo. Oku kuncitshiswa ngundoqo kwi ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kubalulekile ukuba abathengi benze izigqibo ezizizo malunga neemveliso abazikhethayo, bexhasa ezo ziveliswa ngokuzinzileyo nangendlela esesikweni. Ngale ndlela, banokuba negalelo kwimodeli enoxanduva ngakumbi lokutya kwezolimo olubeka phambili impilo yeplanethi kunye nabemi bayo.
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