Yonke into omawuyazi malunga nemitha yelanga kumphezulu woMhlaba

Umhlaba ufumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasazeka kwemitha, kodwa owona mthombo ungundoqo imitha ekhutshwa liLanga. Esi siganeko sinokwenzeka ngenxa yokudibanisa kwenyukliya okwenzeka kumbindi welanga, apho ihydrogen iguqulwa ibe yihelium, ikhuphe izixa ezikhulu zamandla obushushu. La mandla ahamba ukusuka entliziyweni yeLanga ukuya kumphezulu walo kwaye ekugqibeleni akhutshelwa emajukujukwini, afikelele kwiplanethi yethu. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neempawu zesi siganeko, unokuqhagamshelana ne imitha yelanga.

Amandla elanga afikelela eMhlabeni ngendlela amaza ombane, ezinobude obuhlukeneyo. Iseti yawo onke la maza amaza akhutshwa ngumzimba kuthiwa isikram. Le spectrum idityaniswe ngaphakathi kubushushu bento ekhuphayo, ukuze kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amaza amaza akhutshwayo abe mafutshane.

Ububanzi belanga wenziwe ikakhulu ngamaza amafutshane, ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu beLanga, ekuqikelelwa ukuba bujikeleze. 6.000 K (ilingana ne-5.727 ºC).

Iintlobo zemitha yelanga

Kwi-spectrum yelanga, iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemitha yemitha zinokuchongwa:

1. Imitha ye-Ultraviolet: Ngobude bemitha ukusuka kwi-0,1 ukuya kwi-0,4 micrometers, imitha ye-UV ithatha malunga ne-9% yamandla ewonke akhutshwa yiLanga. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngeziphumo zale mitha, ungandwendwela icandelo iintlobo zemitha yelanga.
2. Imitha ebonakalayo: Le mitha inobude obususela kwi-0,4 ukuya kwi-0,78 yeemicrometer, ehlanganisa malunga ne-41% yamandla elanga ewonke. Luluhlu lwemitha esinokulubona ngamehlo ethu kwaye luyimfuneko kwifotosynthesis kwizityalo, ethi yona ixhase uninzi lwamakhonkco okutya eMhlabeni.
3. Imitha ye-infrared: Ngobude bamaza ukusuka kwi-0,78 ukuya kwi-3 micrometers, imitha ye-infrared igubungela i-50% eseleyo yamandla elanga. Le mitha yemitha ibalulekile ekufudumaleni komphezulu woMhlaba kwaye ichaphazela imozulu kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo kwiplanethi yethu. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela le mitha yelanga eyichaphazela ngayo imozulu umsebenzi welanga kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Nje ukuba le mitha yelanga ifikelele kumphezulu, isasazwe ngokungafaniyo kwizibanzi ezahlukeneyo, ngenxa yendlela inkqubo ye-Earth-atmosphere ibamba ngayo amandla elanga. Esi siganeko sikhokelela kwiiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kumthamo wemitha yemitha efunyenwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi.

I-solar constant kunye nokuhluka kwayo

Ubungakanani bemitha yelanga efikelela kumhlaba woMhlaba iyahluka ngenxa yomgama phakathi kweplanethi yethu kunye neLanga rhoqo ilanga, ephakathi kwe-1.325 kunye ne-1.412 W/m², kuxhomekeke kwindawo enxulumene noMhlaba kumjikelezo wawo. Ngokwe-avareji, le nto ingaguqukiyo ithathwa ngokuba malunga E = 1366 W/m². Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela oku kulinganiswa kunye nokuziphatha ngayo, unokubonisana imitha yelanga kwiplanethi enguMhlaba.

Amacandelo emitha yelanga kunye nokusebenzisana kwawo nomoya

Imitha yelanga engena kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba ayifikeleli kumphezulu womelele; uthwaxwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano:

• Imitha ethe ngqo: Eli candelo lilo elivela ngqo kwiLanga kwaye lijongene nezithunzi eziveliswa zizinto. Inkulu ngeentsuku ezinelanga kwaye incinci xa kukho amafu.
• Ukusasaza imitha: Isiphumo sokusasazeka kwemitha yelanga ngenxa yamasuntswana emoyeni. Eli candelo lingamela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% yemitha yemitha iyonke ngeentsuku ezinelanga kwaye iyanda njengoko isibhakabhaka sisifu.
• I-Albedo okanye ibonakaliswe imitha: Yimitha yemitha ebonakaliswa kumphezulu woMhlaba. Ubuninzi bayo buxhomekeke kwi-coefficient yokubonisa umphezulu. Umzekelo, i-albedo yekhephu inokufikelela kwi-80%, oku kuthetha ukuba ikhephu libonisa umlinganiselo omkhulu wemitha yelanga.

Olu lawulo kunye nokusasazwa kwemitha yelanga kubalulekile ekuqondeni iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye nemozulu echaphazela ubomi kwiplanethi yethu. Ukuqonda ngcono iimpembelelo zeziganeko zelanga eMhlabeni, unokuphonononga iinkcukacha malunga izaqhwithi zelanga, ezinokuchaphazela iimeko kumhlaba womhlaba.

Imitha yelanga efikelela kumphezulu woMhlaba yinto entsonkothileyo ebandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla, ukusebenzisana kwazo nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba, kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobubanzi kunye nokuphakama. Ukuqonda esi siganeko akubalulekanga kuphela kwimeteorology kunye neklimatology, kodwa nasekusebenziseni ngokuzinzileyo lo mthombo wamandla ungapheli kubuchwepheshe obufana ne-photovoltaics yelanga, ethembisa ukuba ngundoqo kutshintsho olusingise kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Indlela ukuveliswa kwamandla eepaneli zelanga kuyahluka unyaka wonke