El Imozulu ephezulu yeentaba Iphawulwa ngokuba nobusika obubanda kakhulu kunye nobude obude, apho kubhalwa khona amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero abeka nabani na ofuna ukunyuka okanye ukuhlala kuwo kuvavanyo. Ehlotyeni kupholile kwaye kufutshane, ke akukho xesha lakushushu ngokwenene, ubuncinci hayi njengoko kuthi abo bahlala kwiindawo eziphantsi besazi.
Kodwa ziziphi iimpawu zemozulu? Ngubani okanye ngubani onokuhlala kwezi meko? Siza kuthetha ngale nto nangaphezulu apha ngezantsi.
Iimpawu zemozulu ephezulu yeentaba
Imozulu ephezulu yeentaba ibonakala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphezulu kwe-1200m. Ine-oscillation eshushu, oko kukuthi, umahluko phakathi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobona buncinci, be-10,5ºC. Iimeko zemozulu zahluke kakhulu kwimozulu yendawo, ngenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu lehla ngobude. Ngenxa yale nto, I-gradient ye-thermal ayilunganga, ukusuka ku-0,5ºC ukuya ku-1ºC qho kwi-100 leemitha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngakumbi kwithambeka elinomoya, oko kukuthi, kwindawo apho umoya ubetha khona kakhulu, ukufuma okulinganayo kunye nemvula eveliswa kukunyuka kwekholamu yomoya xa udibana nentaba, eyaziwa ngokuba yimvula ye-orographic, iyanda. Kwicala le-lee ziyakwazi ukwanda, kodwa hayi kakhulu, njengoko umoya sele umile ngokwesiqhelo xa usihla kwaye uxinzelelo lweatmosferi luyanda. Ukulungiselela le njongo ibizwa ngokuba yiFoëhn Wind okanye i-Föehn Effect, kwaye eSpain singayifumana kwi-Iberia Peninsula, ngakumbi kwi-Pyrenees, Central System nakwi-Baltic Mountain Ranges.
Ukongeza, kufuneka kongezwe ukuba kwiintaba eziphakamileyo, ukugqobhoza kukhulu kuneendawo ezisezantsi. Kodwa, ngaphandle kolawulo oluthile lomoya, ubuninzi bomoya kunye nemida echaphazela imozulu yendawo, ziyabachaphazela. Imvula apha zinqabile kakhulu ngohlobo lwemvula entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, nakwimo yekhephu ekwindla nasebusika.
Ngubani ohlala ezintabeni eziphakamileyo?
Nangona kubonakala kungakholeki, zininzi izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezihlala ezintabeni.
Flora
Iintyatyambo zihlelwa iiholide, okanye iimeko zezulu ezazibizwa ngaphambili, kwaye kukuba umahluko kubushushu kunye nokufuma kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye "imigangatho" yenza ukuba ngamnye kubo abone uhlobo oluthile lwezidalwa zezityalo ezihlala kumathambeka eentaba. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba bazimele "kwimigangatho", njengoko bephazamisa abanye.
Zimbini iintlobo zeclisi:
- Ukuphakama: ezibangelwe ngumahluko kubushushu obuhambelana nokuphakama.
- Ubude: ezithi ngenxa yomahluko kubushushu obuhambelana nomgama apho umgca usuka khona kwiikhweyitha.
Ukuhlela izityalo zeentaba kusetyenziswe i-cliserie ye-altitude, ethi yona ibonakalise imimandla emi-5 okanye imigangatho:
- Iingqungquthela: kweyona mimandla iphezulu, siya kufumana izityalo ezincinci, ezihlala zigcinwa zikufutshane nomhlaba, ezinje ngelenge kunye nobulembu. Kwiindawo ezinobulali ingca ingakhula, yenze ingca.
- IConifers: zininzi ii-conifers eziye zaqhelana nokuhlala kwimozulu ephezulu yentaba, enamaqondo obushushu aqandayo. E-Spain sifumana, umzekelo, i-fir yaseSpain kunye nompayini omnyama.
- Khuhla: Ukuhla kancinci sineejunipa kunye neejunipsi, eziziziConifers ezifuna amaqondo aphezulu obushushu aphezulu.
- Amagqabi: Kule nxalenye yentaba sinokubona imithi emikhulu ekhulayo, efana ne-beech, i-oki okanye i-chestnut, kodwa kunye nezinye zihlala ziluhlaza, ezifana ne-holm oki, ezilungiselelwe ukuhlala kwiindawo apho kunqabileyo khona imvula. Siyakwazi ukubona imithi yepineyini, kodwa kuphela apho iye yanyamalala khona.
- Izityalo ezifuna ubushushu obuphezulu: Kwindawo esezantsi yentaba, kukhula i-oki, imithi ye-carob, i-Aleppo pines, i-holm oki iyakhula.
izilwanyana
Ukuba kukho izityalo, kukwakho nezilwanyana, nangona azikho ninzi. Kodwa bonke bazalwa bengabasindileyo, abakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu embi ngendlela engaqhelekanga. ESpain sifumana uninzi oluhlala phantse ngaphandle kweengxaki kwiintaba eziphakamileyo. Umzekelo, phakathi kwama-amphibians, sifumana ipyrenean newt okanye isele elibomvu. Kukwakho nenyoka ngamanye amaxesha, njenge irhamba, leyo ngendlela inetyhefu eyityhefu, ke ukhuseleko kungcono ungabambi nayiphi na inyoka ukuba awuyazi into oyenzayo.
Kukho izilwanyana ezinegazi elifudumeleyo, njenge chamois ongayibona kumfanekiso ongentla. Esi silwanyana simangalisayo sitshintsha ingubo yaso ebusika ukuze sikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Kwaye zikhona neempuku, nazo ikhephu vole, Uyabona. Iintaka ziyathanda alpine weevil okanye ptarmigan Bahlala unyaka wonke ezintabeni eziphakamileyo, besitya yonke into abayifumanayo, ukusuka kwizinambuzane ezincinci ukuya kwimbewu.
Imozulu ephezulu yeentaba ineempawu ezinomdla kakhulu, awucingi?