Xa iikorale ziphulukana nemibala yazo eqaqambileyo zize zijike zibe mhlophe, ziba mnyama. Nangona kunjalo, le nto ayikho kuphela ngenxa yokulahleka kombala. Iikorale ngokwendalo zinemibala ngenxa yobukho be-algae encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-zooxanthellae ehlala ngaphakathi kwekorale. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza indlela yokulondoloza iikorale ezigxininiswe bubushushu kunye nento abanokuyenza ukufaka isandla ekuphuculeni.
Kweli nqaku, siya kukuxelela indlela yokulondoloza iikorale ezigxininiswe ngubushushu kunye neempembelelo ze-coral bleaching.
Yintoni ebangela ukuba i-coral bleaching yenzeke?
I-algae kunye neekorali zinobudlelwane obusondeleyo, oku kuthetha ukuba bayancedana ukuba baphile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iqondo lokushisa lolwandle liyatshintsha, umzekelo, ukuba lifudumala kakhulu, iikorale ziba noxinzelelo kwaye zikhulule i-algae. Njengoko ubulembu buphuma, ikorale iyaphela de ibonakale imhlophe. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liyaqhubeka linyuka, i-coral ayisayi kuvumela i-algae ukuba ibuyele kwaye iya kufa.
I-coral bleaching ikakhulu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, okubangela ukwanda kobushushu beplanethi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iilwandle ezifudumeleyo. Nokuba ukonyuka okuncinci kwamaqondo amabini kubushushu bamanzi kunokubangela ukuba iikorale zikhuphe ubulembu bazo. Ngaphezulu koko, iikorale zinokuba mnyama ngezinye iindlela, ezinje ngamaza aphantsi kakhulu, ungcoliseko, okanye ukuchatshazelwa kakhulu lilanga.
Inkxalabo ejikeleze i-coral bleaching inamacala amaninzi. I-Coral reef bleaching kwenzeka xa ubudlelwane be-symbiotic phakathi kwe-coral kunye ne-algae ehlala kuyo iphazamisekile, ibangela ukuba i-coral ikhuphe i-algae kwaye ijike ibe mhlophe. Le nkqubo inokuthi iqhutywe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo, kuquka ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu olwandle, ungcoliseko, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kunye neasidi yolwandle. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubeka iikorale zaseHawaii emngciphekweni kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
Ukwenziwa mhlophe kwee-coral akusoyikisi kuphela ukuphila kwekorale ngokwayo, kodwa kukwachaphazela kakubi i-ecosystem yolwandle xa iyonke, njengoko iingqaqa zekorale zibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala kunye nekhusi kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle. Ngaphandle kwee-coral reefs ezisempilweni, i-biodiversity yolwandle kunye nokuphila kwabo baxhomekeke kuyo kusemngciphekweni.
Umba wokuxutywa kwekorale ngunobangela wokuxhalaba kuba ukufa kweekorale kudla ngokubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwiingqaqa. Kwanokuba ezinye iikorale ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka ziphila, amandla azo okuzala abekelwa esichengeni. Oku kubonisa isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem ye-ecosystem exhasa abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala ziphantsi ngoku.
Izifundo malunga ne-coral bleaching
Isenzeko sokwenziwa mhlophe asiyonyani ekhoyo yodwa. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwe yiNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration lubonisa ukuba ukusuka ku-2014 ukuya ku-2017, umyinge wama-75% wengqaqa zekorale ezikwilizwe jikelele beziphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba bubangele ukugqabhuka kwekorale. Kwi-30% yezi ngqaqa, uxinzelelo lobushushu lwalunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba lubangele ukufa kwekorale. Oku kukhokelele kwimfuno engxamisekileyo yezisombululo zendlela gcina iikorale ezinobushushu, ngenxa yokuba ifuthe le-coral bleaching kwizilwanyana zasendle ngumcimbi oxhalabisa kakhulu.
Ukucoca i-coral kunokuba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem exhomekeke kuyo. Ukulahleka kwe-coral kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenani leentlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle ezixhomekeke kuyo ngokutya kunye nekhusi. Ngaphaya koko, ilahleko ye-coral inokuba nefuthe elibi kulo lonke ikhonkco lokutya, ichaphazele ezona zidalwa zinkulu ze-ecosystem. Ukujongana nomba wokukhanya kwekorale kunye nefuthe lako kwizilwanyana zasendle kubalulekile ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lweelwandle zethu.
Kuyaziwa ukuba iingqaqa zekorale zesijikelezi-langa ziphakathi kwezona ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ezikhoyo. Inkitha yezilwanyana zaselwandle ixhomekeke kwezi ngqaqa ukuba zibekho, njenge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafudo olwandle, intlanzi, oononkala, i-shrimp, ijellyfish, iintaka zolwandle, i-starfish kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ezi ngqaqa zinika ezi zidalwa indawo ekhuselekileyo, iindawo ezizalela kuzo, nendawo yokusabela kumarhamncwa. Ukongeza, badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokutya lolwandle ngokubonelela ngokutya kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ezi nkqubo ziwohlokayo, iintlobo zezilwanyana esele zisesichengeni zinokutyhalela emngciphekweni wokuphela.
Iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo
Imiphumo yokuxutywa kwekorale ebantwini ibalulekile. Xa iingqaqa zekorale zisiba mhlophe, oku kuchaphazela ubuninzi neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle abantu abaxhomekeke kuzo ukuze baziphilise. Ngaphandle koko, Iingqaqa zekorale zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “ngamahlathi ashinyeneyo olwandle” ngenxa yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo., ezenza indawo ethandwayo yabakhenkethi. Xa iingqaqa zekorale zonakalisiwe, yonakalisa ishishini lezokhenketho kunye noqoqosho loluntu oluxhomekeke kuyo.
Ekugqibeleni, iingqaqa zekorale zibonelela ngomqobo wendalo ngokuchasene nezaqhwithi nokhukuliseko, zikhusela iindawo eziselunxwemeni kunye nabantu abahlala apho. Xa iingqaqa zekorale zisiba buthathaka, azikwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, nto leyo eshiya abantu besesichengeni ngakumbi kwiintlekele zemvelo.
Iziphumo zokuphuma kwe-coral bleaching zibanzi, azichaphazeli nje kuphela iindlela zokuphila kodwa kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Iingqaqa zekorale zisebenza njenge imiqobo yendalo, ethomalalisa impembelelo yezaqhwithi namaza, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela uluntu oluselunxwemeni. Xa ingekho i-coral, sithembele kwiidike ezenziweyo ezibizayo ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ilahleko yekorale ikwayenza mandundu ingxaki yokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, iphazamisa ikhonkco lokutya kunye nokuthintela iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi kunye neecrustaceans. Le lahleko ineziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwabo baphila kunye nomthombo ophambili weprotheyini exhomekeke kwezi zilwanyana. Ngaphezu koko, kucacile ukuba njani Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela ukuchuma kwekorale iphelele.
Ekugqibeleni, ishishini lokhenketho elihambela phambili kwiingqaqa zekorale lingenisa iibhiliyoni zeerandi yaye lixhasa amawaka emisebenzi. Ukungabikho kweengqaqa zekorale ezidlamkileyo kubeka konke oku emngciphekweni.
Indlela yokulondoloza iikorale ezigxininiswe bubushushu
Ukulahleka kwazo zonke iikorale ngenxa yokuphuma mhlophe akusosiphelo esingenakuphepheka, kodwa simele sithabathe inyathelo ngoku ukuze siqinisekise ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zisenako ukunandipha ezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo. Kwanezenzo ezincinci zemihla ngemihla zinokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiingqaqa zekorale, njengokunciphisa isichumiso kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi esiphango, okanye ukuyeka ukusebenzisa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kunye nezitshabalalisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sifuna ngokwenene ukusombulula ingxaki yokuxutywa kwe-coral, Kufuneka sijongane ngqo nomba wokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Oku kuthetha ukuthatha inyathelo elibanzi nelikhawulezayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kufuneka sisebenze ngenkuthalo ukunqanda ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukunceda amashishini, abathengi kunye nezixeko zenze utshintsho. kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokukhuthaza oorhulumente ukuba bamkele imigaqo-nkqubo enobuchule bemozulu. Zonke iinzame zibalulekile kwaye kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba IGreat Barrier Reef ikwimeko yesiphelo. Kuxhomekeke kuye ngamnye wethu ukuba athathe inyathelo namhlanje kwaye athintele ukukhutshwa kwe-coral ekubeni yintlekele engenakulungiseka.
