Kangangeminyaka, i-cinema izalise izikrini ngamabali eempembelelo ezimbi kakhulu, kodwa ngasemva kwezi ngxelo zenzululwazi kukho ingxaki enkulu: Umhlaba awukakulungeli ukujongana ne-asteroid ekwaziyo ukutshabalalisa isixeko sonkeKwaye into ephazamisayo kakhulu asikuko oko sele kubonwe, kodwa yinto yonke engekafunyanwa.
Amagosa e-NASA kunye neengcali zokhuselo lweeplanethi ziye zabeka amanani kuloo ngxaki. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kufutshane neplanethi yethu Malunga ne-15.000 ii-asteroids ezinobukhulu obuphakathi zisenokungafumanekiinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kummandla, kodwa ingabonakali ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingadlula kwiiteleskopu zangoku.
Zithini ii-asteroids 'ezibulala isixeko' kwaye kutheni zibangela inkxalabo engaka?
Kude ne-colossi edlala kwiimuvi ze-apocalyptic, ingqwalasela yokwenyani ikwi ii-asteroids ezimalunga neemitha ezili-140 ububanzi, uluhlu lwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba “zii-city killers”Bezingenakubangela ukuphela kwehlabathi njengeedayinaso, kodwa zinokususa isixeko esikhulu kwimephu zize zibangele intlekele yengingqi.
I-NASA kunye neminye imibutho yesayensi iqikelela ukuba Inani lilonke lala maqela akufutshane noMhlaba limalunga nama-25.000.Kula maqela, malunga nama-40% kuphela adweliswe kuluhlu, nto leyo eshiye imizimba emalunga ne-15.000 ingenazo iindawo. UKelly Fast, intloko yokhuselo lweeplanethi kwi-arhente yaseMelika, uyishwankathele ngebinzana eliphindaphindwayo kwiiforam ezahlukeneyo: "Into endigcina ndiphaphile ebusuku zii-asteroids esingazaziyo.".
Ezi asteroids eziphakathi zifumaneka kuhlobo "lwendawo engaboniyo" yokujonga. Zincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa lula ngeeteleskopu ezibonakalayo, kodwa zinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zikhuphe amandla atshabalalisayo. ukuba zichaphazela indawo enabantu. Loo lungelelwaniso phakathi kobukhulu kunye nengozi yiyo eyenza zibe yingozi ephambili.
Nangona izinto ezinkulu kunekhilomitha enye zichongwa kwaye zijongwa rhoqo, kwaye iziqwenga ezincinci ziyaqhekeka emoyeni, Ingxaki yokwenyani ikwicala eliphakathi., ukusuka kwishumi elinesibini ukuya kumakhulu ambalwa eemitha, nto leyo enokungabonakali de kube sekwephuzile.
Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukuzibona: iindawo ezingabonakaliyo ekujongeni isibhakabhaka
Ingxaki enkulu inxulumene nokunqongophala kobuchwepheshe bokujonga obukhoyo ngoku. Iiteleskopu ezibonakalayo ezisemhlabeni zixhomekeke ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuboniswa zii-asteroids.Kodwa uninzi lwale mizimba imnyama kakhulu kwaye ayibonakalisi ukukhanya, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingabonakali xa ithelekiswa nendawo.
Ukongeza koku yijometri yeendlela ezijikeleza ngazo. Ii-asteroids ezininzi zolu hlobo zihamba kufutshane nomda ophakathi koMhlaba neLanga.Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokwembono yethu, zifihliwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Nokuba kukho izixhobo ezilungileyo, ukubona loo mmandla kunzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokutshisa iisensa ngokukhanya kwelanga.
Iingcali zokhuselo lweeplanethi ziyavuma ukuba Kukho "indawo engabonakaliyo" yeenkwenkwezi evumela ezi zinto ukuba zihambe nomjikelezo wethu kangangeminyaka ngaphandle kokubonwa.Oku akukokungakhathali, kodwa kukuthintelwa ngokwasemzimbeni: ukuba i-asteroid ivela kwicala leLanga, umda wokusabela uyancitshiswa ube mncinci.
Oku kunqongophala kolwazi kuko okubangela ukuba izazinzulu ezifana noKelly Fast zilumkise, ezithi Eyona ndlela yokuzikhusela eyinyani kukufumanisa kwangethuba.Ngaphandle kwexesha lokwenza into ethile, naluphi na ubuchwepheshe bokujika izinto bulahlekelwa yimpumelelo yalo. Kwaye, nanamhlanje, kusekho "ababulali besixeko" abaninzi kakhulu abafumanekayo kunokuba amagosa okhuseleko lwasesibhakabhakeni ebengathanda.
I-DART: uvavanyo olubonakalise ukuba lujikelezile i-asteroid lunokwenzeka
Ngokuhambelana nokukhangela ezi mizimba, i-NASA ivavanye icebo lokuzikhusela elisebenzayo ngo-2022: umsebenzi we-DART (Uvavanyo lwe-Double Asteroid Redirection)Le ngcamango yayilula ngokwengcinga, kodwa yayinzima ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo: ukuwisa ngabom isiphekepheke kwi-asteroid ukuze kutshintshe indlela eya kuyo.
Ithagethi yayiyiDimorphos, inyanga encinci ye-asteroid enkulu. Le ngozi yenzeke malunga ne-14.000 yeekhilomitha ngeyure. Ikwazile ukunciphisa ixesha layo lokujikeleza ngesiqingatha seyure., utshintsho olulinganisekayo oluqinisekisile ukuba, xa ixesha lifikile, kunokwenzeka ukujika kancinci indlela yelitye lasesibhakabhakeni kwaye kuthintelwe ukungqubana ngqo noMhlaba.
Loo mpumelelo yabhiyozelwa kuluntu lwezenzululwazi njengesiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali, kodwa abo baphethe lo msebenzi ngokwabo baye bacacisa ngokucacileyo ngemida yawo. UNancy Chabot, isazinzulu seeplanethi esibandakanyekayo kule projekthi, ugxininisa ukuba iDART yayiyimboniso yesihlandlo esinye, yayingeyonkqubo yokusebenza elungele ukusetyenziswa. xa kuvela isilumkiso ngequbuliso.
Usuku ngosuku, Akukho nqwelo-moya i-DART ezimbini ezilinde kwindawo yokuqalisa Ukuba kuvela ingozi yokwenyani ngexesha elincinci. Ukuphuhlisa, ukwakha, kunye nokusebenzisa isixhobo esinjalo kuthatha iminyaka, kwaye ngaphandle kocwangciso lwangaphambili kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali, amandla okusabela aya kuphazamiseka kakhulu.
Umhloli we-NEO: iteleskopu efuna ukufumana abo balahlekileyo
Ukuvala loo msantsa mkhulu kwikhathalogu yezinto ezinobungozi, i-NASA isebenza kwinto eza kuba yimpahla yayo ephambili yokujonga kwiminyaka ezayo: iteleskopu yesithuba iNear-Earth Object Surveyor, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNEO SurveyorUkuqaliswa kwayo okwangoku kucwangciselwe ukuba kungabi ngaphambi kowama-2027.
Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo zemveli zokukhanya, uMhloli we-NEO Iya kujonga isibhakabhaka kwi-infrared, ibone ubushushu obukhutshwa zii-asteroids njengoko zishushu ngemitha yelanga.Ngoko ke, kwanamatye amnyama kakhulu, angabonisi ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ayabonakaliswa luphawu lwawo lobushushu.
Xa ibekwe esithubeni, iteleskopu iya kukwazi ukujonga imimandla ekufutshane neLanga ekungafikelelekiyo kuyo ukusuka kumphezulu woMhlabaLoo ndawo ibalulekileyo kunye nobuntununtunu bayo kufuneka ivumele ukuba ifumane inxalenye enkulu yee-asteroids eziphakathi ezibaleka ukubonwa kweradar okwangoku.
Iinjongo zalo msebenzi zizimisele kakhulu: kuphando lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu, Kulindeleke ukuba ubuncinane isibini kwisithathu sezinto ezikufutshane noMhlaba ezimalunga neemitha ezili-140 ziya kubonwa....ukuya kwigunya lezopolitiko lokufumana ngaphezulu kwama-90% aloo bemi kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Ukuba oku kufezekisiwe, imephu yeengozi ezinokubakho ingatshintsha kakhulu.
Ukhuselo lweplanethi olungenalo uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluzinzileyo
Nangona kukho inkqubela phambili kwezobugcisa, obunye ubuthathaka busafana nobezinye iinkalo ezininzi zesayensi: inkxaso-mali yexesha elideIingxelo zangaphakathi ze-NASA kunye neengxelo ezivela kubaphandi abanjengoNancy Chabot zibonisa ukuba Akukho zixhobo zaneleyo zokugcina iziseko zokhuselo lweplanethi "ziphaphile ngokusisigxina"..
Ukuphuhlisa, ukuqalisa, kunye nokusebenzisa imisebenzi efana ne-NEO Surveyor, okanye ukugcina iqela leenqanawa ezikwaziyo ukujongana ne-asteroid eyingozi, Ifuna utyalo-mali oluhlala luhleli nolunokuqikelelwa kwangaphambiliNangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zikhuphisana nezinye izinto eziza kuqala kwindawo kwaye zihlala zixhomekeke kwimijikelo yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nezigqibo zezopolitiko ezitshintshayo.
Isiphumo esisebenzayo kukuba, nangona amanyathelo abalulekileyo ethathiwe—njengovavanyo lwe-DART kunye noyilo lweteleskopu entsha—, Amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwisongelo lokwenyani akaqinisekiswa.Ukuba "umbulali wesixeko" ebenokubhaqwa ngomso ngesaziso seminyaka embalwa kuphela, uluntu beluya kuba nexesha elincinci kunelo lunqwenelayo lokusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya esenzweni.
UChabot uyishwankathela ngokucacileyo le nto: "Singakulungela olu loyiko, kodwa akwenziwa utyalo-mali olufunekayo."Okwangoku, icebo lixhomekeke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukubhaqwa kunye nokulandelela kunokuba neqhosha elibomvu elisebenzayo elivumela ukujika into kwindawo yokungqubana.
Umngcipheko wehlabathi onefuthe eYurophu nakwihlabathi liphela
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iingozi ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezithile, Ingozi evela kwii-asteroids ezikufutshane noMhlaba, ngokwenkcazo, isemhlabeni wonke.Amandla akhutshwa yimpembelelo yento engama-140 eemitha kwindawo enabantu abaninzi aza kuchaphazela kungekuphela nje ilizwe elibethwe yiyo, kodwa kwanabamelwane balo ngenxa yeza lomothuko, imililo, kunye nokuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka komoya.
IYurophu, kuquka neSpain, ayisekho cala. I-European Space Agency (ESA) isebenzisana kwiiprojekthi ezilandela izinto ezikufutshane noMhlaba kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ehambelana neye-NASA. Kodwa amandla okwenyani okuphambukisa izinto asagxile kwimizamo embalwa esaphuhliswayo.Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwezilumkiso ezikhutshwe yi-United States zisebenza naseYurophu.
Amava eziqendu ezifana neChelyabinsk meteor, eyathi ngo-2013 Yalimaza abantu abangaphezu kwewaka eRashiya nangona "yayimalunga" neemitha ezingama-20 ubude.Oku kusikhumbuza ukuba into enkulu neyoyikekayo ayinyanzelekanga ukuba yenze umonakalo omkhulu. Ukuba into efana "nababulali besixeko" ingawela kwisixeko esikhulu saseYurophu, iziphumo zayo ziya kuba nzima ukuzilawula nokuba kukho izicwangciso ezilungileyo zongxamiseko.
Kule meko, amaqhinga okukhusela iiplanethi aya ehlalutywa ngakumbi njengoko umba wokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokhuseleko loluntukungekuphela nje njengomdla wokwenene. Umzamo wokufumanisa nokulungiselela ezi ngozi ekugqibeleni uza kuchaphazela ucwangciso loorhulumente nemibutho kulo lonke ilizwekazi.
Umfanekiso odwetshwe ziingcali ngowomhlaba ofunde ukujonga isibhakabhaka ngcono, kodwa oko kusenjalo Ayinawo "umbrella" othembekileyo ngokuchasene nee-asteroids 'ezibulala isixeko'Siyazi ukuba zikhona, kuye kwabonakala ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokwetekhnoloji ukuziphepha ezinye zazo, kwaye kulungiswa inyathelo elikhulu kubuchule bokubhaqa nge-NEO Surveyor, kodwa kusekho izikhewu: amawaka ezinto ezingekafunyanwa kunye nenkqubo yokuzikhusela esebenzayo, okwangoku, ehlala ikwiphepha kunakwintsimi. Uninzi lokhuseleko loMhlaba kwiminyaka ezayo luxhomekeke kolu lungelelwaniso phakathi kokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo.