Ibhere emhlophe sisilwanyana esihlala kwi-North Pole iminyaka engamawaka. Ukuguquguquka kwayo nobungangamsha kwenze ukuba ibe ngumfuziselo wezilwanyana zasendle zaseArctic. Nangona kunjalo, Ukufika kweNguquko yezoShishino kuphawule inguqu emandla kwimbali yayo, ukuguqula ibhere emhlophe ibe ngumfuziselo wokutshintsha kwemozulu yale mihla. Ukutyhubela imbali, imozulu iye yatshintsha, kodwa abantu baye bayikhawulezisa le nkqubo ngesantya esothusayo. Ekusukeleni kwayo inkqubela, iye yatshabalalisa iindawo zokuhlala yaza yazisa iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana esichengeni sokuphela. Namhlanje, ibhere elimhlophe lijongene nesisongelo sokuphela.
Iqela le-Sea Legacy, elikhokelwa ngabafoti abaziwayo kunye nabalondolozi bendalo uPaul Nicklen kunye noCristina Mittermeier, babone isiganeko esibuhlungu kwinkampu ye-Inuit eshiywe kwiSiqithi saseBaffin, eCanada inkulu kunye neyesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni: Ibhere elimhlophe elikhulileyo, elingenalo ukonzakala libonakalayo, lalibhityile ngokuyingozi kwaye lalisifa phambi kwamehlo abo. Kodwa yintoni ebangela le ntlekele?
Nangona utshintsho lwemozulu lungenakubekwa ityala ngokuthe ngqo kuzo zonke iimeko, inyaniso kukuba inani elikhulayo leebhere ze-polar zifa kwiimeko ezifanayo ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa okuchaphazela indawo yabo yokuhlala. Ixesha lokunyibilikisa lifike kwangethuba, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ezi zilwanyana zihambe imigama emide zifuna ukutya. Ukunqongophala komkhenkce wolwandle, obalulekileyo ekuzingeleni nasekuhambeni kwawo, kuyichaphazela kakhulu indlela abatya ngayo kunye nokukwazi ukuphila.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukufa kweebhere ezininzi ezimhlophe? Ngokuqinisekileyo, Kukho amanyathelo esinokuwathabatha sonke. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, ukulawula ungcoliseko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo, nokukhusela imekobume zezinye zezinto esinokuzenza. Kodwa umbuzo omele uzibuze wona ngulo: Ngaba iinkokeli zehlabathi zinomdla ngokwenene ekwenzeni okuthile kwesi sijikelezi-langa?
Uluntu luyakwazi ukukhohlakala kwindalo, kodwa lukwanako ukuyinyamekela. Ukuba uninzi lwabemi bemanyana kwintshukumo ehlangeneyo, singazisombulula ezi ngxaki kwiminyaka embalwa.
iibhere Polar, okanye IUrsus maritimus, zizilwanyana zaselwandle ezixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kumkhenkce wolwandle ukuze zifumane ukutya. Lo mkhenkce ubalulekile, njengoko uzivumela ukuba zizingele iintini zaselwandle, oyena mthombo wazo wokudla. Ukungabikho komkhenkce akuchaphazeli kuphela amandla akho okuzingela, kodwa kunye nempilo yakho yonke. Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba Umkhenkce wolwandle lweArctic uncipha nge-13% ubuncinane kwishumi leminyaka, yaye ngenxa yoko, iibhere ezimhlophe zinyanzeleka ukuba zidade imigama emide zifuna ukutya. Oku kubangela ukwanda kokulahleka kwamandla kunye nokungondleki. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngalo mbandela, kucetyiswa ukuba ufunde inqaku lethu Ukunyibilika kweArctic kunye neempembelelo zayo ekutyeni kweebhere ezimhlophe.
Imeko ibalulekile. Njenge amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ayenyuka, kunjalo nobude bexesha lokungabikho komkhenkce, okubangela ukuba iibhere ezimhlophe zibe nazo ixesha elincinci lokutya kungekafiki ubusika. Kwezinye iindawo, ungquzulwano phakathi kweebhere zepolar kunye nabantu kuye kwabikwa, njengoko iibhere zikhangela ukutya kwiindawo zokuhlala zabantu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwexhoba kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Utshintsho lwemozulu aluchaphazeli nje kuphela iibhere ezincanyana, kodwa lukwaphazamisa Iwebhu yokutya yaseArctic iphelele. Ukwehla komkhenkce wolwandle kunempembelelo kubemi bezilwanyana zaselwandle, ezingamaxhoba eebhere. Njengoko ulwandle lweArctic lufudumala, iiphytoplankton kunye nezooplankton, eziyimfuneko kwitsheyini lokutya, nazo ziyachaphazeleka. Oku kunciphisa unikezelo lokutya kwaye kudala ukhuphiswano olunamandla phakathi kweebhere ezimhlophe kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezizingelayo zase-Arctic, ezifana ne-Arctic fox. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, siyakumema ukuba uphonononge inqaku lethu ulawulo lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kwimeko yonxunguphalo, amacebo amaninzi ayaphononongwa ukunceda iibhere ezimhlophe ukuba ziziqhelanise. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ezinye iibhere ziye zaqala ukutshintsha ukutya kwazo, zifuna ukutya okusemhlabeni njengamaqunube kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, Olu hlobo lokutya alwanelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zamandla, kwaye uninzi lwezi bhere ziphantsi kobunzima bomzimba wazo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngexesha lasehlotyeni, iibhere ezimhlophe zinokulahlekelwa phakathi kwe-400 grams kunye ne-1.7 yeekhilogram zobunzima bomzimba ngosuku, kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni kwazo ukutya. Kwakhona, ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga izifundo ezinxulumene nokutshintsha kwemozulu kulo mmandla, jonga ikhonkco lethu.
Ukuzingela amaxhoba emhlabeni nako akuphumeleli kangako, kwaye iibhere ezimhlophe ngokufuthi kuye kufuneke zidade imigama emide ukuze zifike kwiindawo ezintsha zokuzingela, nto leyo eyandisa inkcitho yazo yamandla. Ukulahleka komkhenkce kunye nesidingo sokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha kubangela ukuhla okukhulu kwebhere.
Oyena nobangela wokutshintsha kwemozulu Ukukhupha igesi eluhlaza. Olona galelo liphambili kolu kukhutshwayo lulimo lwezilwanyana kwimizi-mveliso, olubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-14% yezinto ezikhutshwayo zehlabathi. Ukuphelisa izenzo eziyingozi zezolimo kunye nokwamkela iindlela ezizinzileyo kubalulekile ukuba sifuna ukuqinisekisa ikamva leebhere ezimhlophe kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezisengozini. Ukuqonda ngcono impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwizilwanyana zasendle, jonga inqaku lethu izilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukulondoloza amahlathi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezingcolisa umoya, nokutshintshela kumandla acocekileyo zezinye zezicombululo esinokuziphumeza njengabantu ngabanye. Ukuba ngamnye wethu wenza indima yakhe, sinokunceda ukulwa nengxaki yemozulu kwaye sikhusele indawo yokuhlala yebhere emhlophe.
Iibhere zePolar azibalulekanga kuphela kwibhalansi ye-Arctic ecosystem, kodwa ukusinda kwazo kukwanayo ifuthe lenkcubeko nezoqoqosho kuluntu lwemveli oluxhomekeke kubo. Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa kolu didi akukona nje ukunyanzeliswa kwendalo, kodwa kunye nokuziphatha okuhle.
