Imvula yamkelekile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kodwa xa amanzi esiwa ngamandla amakhulu okanye ixesha elide, kuza ixesha apho umhlaba okanye imijelo yamanzi eedolophu nezixeko iyeke ukukwazi ukuwufunxa.
Ewe, kuba amanzi alulwelo kwaye, ke ngoko, yinto ehamba ngayo naphina apho iya khona, ngaphandle kokuba amafu asasazeka ngokukhawuleza, asizukukhetha ngaphandle kokuthetha ngezikhukula. Kodwa, Ziintoni kwaye zibangelwa yintoni?
Bazintoni?
Izikhukula kukuhlalwa ngamanzi kwemimandla ehlala ikhululekile koku. Zizinto zendalo eziye zenzeka okoko kukho amanzi kwiplanethi yoMhlaba, ebumba amanxweme, enegalelo ekwakhiweni kwamathafa kwiintlambo zemilambo kunye namhlaba ochumileyo.
Zibangelwa yintoni?
Zingabangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, zezi:
- Ingqele yehla: kwenzeka xa ubushushu bomhlaba bubanda kunobo baselwandle. Lo mahluko ubangela inkitha enkulu yomoya oshushu, ofumileyo ukuba unyuke uye kumaleko aphakathi nangaphezulu womoya ojikeleze umhlaba, nto leyo ebangela izandyondyo zemvula kwaye, ngenxa yoko, okunokubakho ukukhukula. ESpeyin sisiganeko sonyaka esenzeka ukususela ekwindla.
- Monsoon: Imonsoon ngumoya wamaxesha onyaka oveliswa kukufuduswa kwebhanti yeikhweyitha. Ibangelwa kukuphola komhlaba, okukhawulezayo kunoko kwamanzi. Ngoko ke, ehlotyeni iqondo lobushushu bomhlaba womhlaba liphezulu kunolo lolwandle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umoya ophezu komhlaba unyuke ngokukhawuleza, ubangele isaqhwithi. Umoya, njengoko uvuthuza usuka kwii-anticyclones (iindawo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu) ukuya kwiinkanyamba (iindawo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi) ukulinganisa zombini uxinzelelo, umoya onamandla uhlala uvuthuza usuka elwandle. Ngenxa yoko, imvula ine ngamandla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imilambo inyuke.
- IzaqhwithiIzaqhwithi okanye izaqhwithi ziziganeko zemozulu ezithi, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukwenza umonakalo omkhulu, zikwaphakathi kwezo ziwisa amanzi amaninzi. Ziinkqubo yezaqhwithi ezinomjikelezo ovaliweyo ojikelezayo kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngelixa isondla ubushushu bolwandle, obukubushushu obungama-20 degrees Celsius. Kule meko, i Izaqhwithi zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
- Umtsalane: kwiindawo apho kukho ikhephu rhoqo kwaye ukongeza kakhulu, ukwanda ngequbuliso kumaqondo obushushu kubangela ukukhukhula emilanjeni. Inokunikwa kwakhona ukuba ikhephu belinzima kwaye lingaqhelekanga, njengalezo kunqabile ukuba zenzeke kwiindawo ezinemozulu eyomileyo okanye eyomileyo.
- Amaza olwandle okanye iitsunami: Ezi ziganeko zezinye ezinokuba ngunobangela wezikhukula. Amaza amakhulu abangelwa ziinyikima anokonakalisa unxweme, ebangela iingxaki ezininzi kubahlali nakwizityalo nezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni. Zenzeka ikakhulu kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki nolwaseIndiya, olunentshukumo enkulu yenyikima.
Yintoni yokuzikhusela esinayo ngokuchasene nabo?
Ukusukela ekubeni uluntu luqale ukuhlala ngakumbi, ukuhlala kufutshane nemilambo kunye neentlambo, bekuhlala kunengxaki efanayo: indlela yokuphepha izikhukula? E-Egypt, ngexesha loFaro, uMlambo umNayile unokubangela ilahleko enkulu kuma-Egypt, ke bakhawuleze bafunda ngendlela abanokuzikhusela ngayo izityalo zabo ngemijelo ehambisa amanzi kunye namadama. Kodwa okulusizi kukuba babedla ngokutshatyalaliswa ngamanzi emva kweminyaka embalwa.
Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi eSpain nakumantla e-Italiya, amachibi kunye namachibi sele sele esakhiwa alawula indlela yemilambo. Kodwa bekungekabikho kude kube ngoku, kweli xesha langoku, apho kwilizwe ekuthiwa liLizwe lokuQala ngenene sinakho ukuthintela izikhukula. Amadama, izithintelo zesinyithi, ukulawula amadama, ukuphuculwa kwamandla emijelo yemilambo… Konke oku, kongezwe kuqikelelo lwemozulu oluphuhlileyo, kusivumele ukuba silawule ngcono amanzi.
Kwakhona, Kancinci akuvumelekanga ukwakha kunxweme, eziyindawo ezisengozini kakhulu kwizikhukula. Yaye ukuba indawo yendalo ishiywe ngaphandle kwezityalo, amanzi aya kuba nexesha elilula kakhulu lokutshayela yonke into, ngaloo ndlela efikelela kumakhaya; Noko ke, ukuba akukho nto yakhiweyo, okanye ukuba imekobume eyonakaliswe kanobom ngumntu ibuyiselwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngezityalo zomthonyama, ingozi yokuba umkhukula utshabalalise yonke into incinane. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwanda kokuqiniswa kubalulekile ukuthintela iziphumo ezibi zezikhukula zexesha elizayo.
Kwelinye icala, amazwe asaphuhlayo, iinkqubo ezinje ngothintelo, isilumkiso kunye nezenzo ezilandelayo aziphuhlanga kangako, njengoko ngelishwa kuye kwabonakala iinkqwithela ezihlasela amazwe akumazantsi mpuma Asia. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe aphesheya kuthanda amanyathelo okwenza abemi abahlala kwiindawo ezinobungozi ukuba bakhuseleke.
Izikhukula eSpain
ESpain siye sanengxaki enkulu ngezikhukula. Ezona zinzima kwimbali yethu yamva nje zezi zilandelayo:
Umkhukula wowe-1907
NgoSeptemba 24, 1907, abantu abangama-21 baphulukana nobomi babo eMalaga ngenxa yemvula enkulu. Isitya seGuadalmedina saphuphuma, sithwele inyambalala enkulu yamanzi nodaka efike kwiimitha ezi-5 ukuphakama.
Umkhukula omkhulu waseValencia
Ngo-Okthobha u-14, 1957, abantu abangama-81 baphulukana nobomi babo ngenxa yokuphuphuma koMlambo iTuria. Kwakukho izikhukula ezibini: owokuqala wamangalisa wonke umntu, kuba eValencia kwakunzima nokuna; owesibini wafika emini ukuya kwingingqi yeCamp del Turia. Okokugqibela I-125l / m2 eqokelelweyo, abangama-90 kubo kwimizuzu engama-40. Umlambo wawunomyinge wokuhamba malunga ne-4200 m3 / s. E-Begis (Castellón) i-361 l / m2 yaqokelelwa.
Umkhukula wowe-1973
Nge-19 ka-Okthobha ka-1973, I-600l / m2 eqokelelweyo eZúrgena (Almería) nase-al Albuñol (eGranada). Kwakukho ukufa okuninzi; Ukongeza, oomasipala baseLa Rábita (eGranada) nasePuerto Lumbreras (Murcia) batshatyalaliswa kwaphela.
Izikhukula zaseTenerife
Ngomhla wamashumi amathathu ananye ku-Matshi 31 I-232.6l / m2 yaqokelelwa, ngamandla e-162.6l / m2 kwiyure enye, ebangele ukubhubha kwabantu abasibhozo.
Izikhukula kwiLevante
Umfanekiso-Ecestaticos.com
Phakathi kukaDisemba 16 no-19, 2016 uqhwithela lwaseLevante oluchaphazele abahlali baseValencian, iMurcia, iAlmería kunye neBalearic Islands lubangele ukubhubha kwabantu aba-5. Kumanqaku amaninzi ngaphezulu kwe-600l / m2 eqokelelweyo.
Izikhukula eMalaga
Nge-3 kaMatshi 2018 isaqhwithi ikhutshwe ukuya kwiilitha ezingama-100 kumanqaku kwiphondo laseMalaga, njengezibuko laseMalaga, iNtshona ne-Inland Costa del Sol, iSerranía kunye neGenal Valley. Ngethamsanqa, kwakungekho lahleko zomntu ezinokuzisola, kodwa iinkonzo zonxunguphalo ziye zanikela ingqalelo kwiziganeko ezingaphezu kwe-150 ngenxa yokuwa kwemithi nezinye izinto, kunye nokudilika komhlaba.
Ayiloxesha lokuqala into enje ukwenzeka. Ngapha koko, ezi ziganeko ngelishwa ziqheleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngoFebruwari 20, 2017 Iilitha ezili-140 zamanzi ezifumaneke kwimitha nganye nganye ngobusuku obunye. Amaxesha kaxakeka aye kwiziganeko ezingama-203 ngenxa yokugcwala komhlaba, ukuwa kwezinto kunye nezithuthi ezixinge endleleni.
Ingxaki kukuba eli phondo lijikelezwe ziintaba. Xa kunetha, onke amanzi aya kuwo. Abantu baseMalaga kudala becela ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela oku.
