Iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu yinkxalabo eyandayo kwihlabathi lethu lanamhlanje. I amaza obushushu Ezi zezinye zezinto eziye zanda ngamandla, ukongezelela kwizaqhwithi, iinkanyamba, imbalela nezinye iimeko zemozulu eziyingozi ezichaphazela ubomi bezigidi zabantu. Ukulinganisa umonakalo olindelekileyo kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yolu tshintsho, uphando olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi luye lwenziwa Impilo yePlanethi yeLancet ezoba umfanekiso owothusayo.
Ngokophononongo, iintlekele zemozulu ezilo bukhulu kulindeleke ukuba zibangele Ukufa kwe-152.000 ngonyaka eYurophu phakathi kwe-2071 kunye ne-2100. Eli nani liphazamisayo libonisa ukuba abantu ababini kwabathathu abahlala eYurophu ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane banokuchatshazelwa yimozulu embi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantu bafe.
Ukunyuka kweziganeko ezigqithisileyo
Olu hlalutyo lugxile ekufundeni ezahlukeneyo iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ezinokuzibonakalisa kwixesha elizayo elingekude kangako. Iintlekele ezisixhenxe eziphambili zichongiwe kwaye zihlalutywe luphononongo: amaza obushushu, amaza abandayo, imililo yasehlathini, imbalela, izikhukula kunye neqhwithi.
Ukwazisa malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu akukanwenwanga ngokwaneleyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Olu tshintsho lubonisa enye yezona zinto ziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu kule nkulungwane yama-21. Njengoko iintlekele zemozulu zisiba rhoqo, imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nazo iyanda, ingachaphazeli uluntu kuphela kodwa neenkqubo zoqoqosho kunye neziseko zophuhliso.
Ukuba amanyathelo angxamisekileyo awathathwanga ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi, kuqikelelwa ukuba Abantu baseYurophu abazizigidi ezingama-350 basenokuba sesichengeni minyaka le kwimozulu embi ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane.
Iqela le-Forzieri lenze uhlalutyo olupheleleyo, liphonononga iirekhodi malunga neentlekele ezimalunga ne-2.300 ezinxulumene nemozulu ezenzeke eYurophu phakathi kuka-1981 no-2010. Nangona iinjongo zehlabathi ezifana neSivumelwano saseParis zisekiwe, Nokuphunyezwa kwayo akuyi kumisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukuba kwehla ngaphantsi kwe-2 degrees Celsius. Kulo mxholo, amaza obushushu avela njengesona siganeko sibulalayo, esinokubangela uninzi lokufa okunxulumene neziganeko zemozulu ezimbi.
Ezi nkcukacha azikho nje amanani othusayo; Uqikelelo lwekamva lumfiliba, lufuna inyathelo elingxamisekileyo.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimpilo
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kune a impembelelo ngqo kwimpilo yabantu. Amaza obushushu angakumbi angakhokelela ekwandeni kwenani lokufa okunxulumene nentliziyo kunye nezifo zokuphefumla. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), ukutshintsha kwemozulu yeyona nto isongela impilo yehlabathi kule nkulungwane yama-21. Iziphumo zayo zizibonakalisa ngeempembelelo ezithe ngqo, ezinjengamaza obushushu, imbalela, nezaqhwithi ezinamandla, kunye neempembelelo ezingangqalanga ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi.
Ukongeza, impilo yoluntu inokusongelwa ngokunyuka kwe ukusasazeka kwezifo ezikhulayo, imveliso yokufudumala kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, izifo ezithwalwa yizilwanyana ezifana ne-dengue fever kunye ne-Zika virus ziya kuxhaphaka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukungondleki kunye nokufuduswa ngenkani kwabantu abachaphazelekayo kuya kwanda kakhulu ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kokutya kunye namanzi. Ngokutsho koqikelelo, ukuwohloka kwempilo yehlabathi kunokukhokelela ekwandeni okukhulu izifo zokuphefumla ngenxa yokuhla komgangatho womoya, oqhutywa kukutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi nako kuqikelelwa ukuba kuya kuchaphazela ngeenxa zonke 3.000 yezigidi zabantu ukuba amaqondo obushushu ayaqhubeka nokunyuka. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka siqonde unxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kwempilo yabantu, i-ecosystem kunye nemozulu. Ukuba imithombo yamanzi isengozini, amandla oluntu okuphila nempumelelo aya kuphazamiseka kakhulu.
Iziphumo zexesha elizayo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimpilo zibonakala zixhalaba ngakumbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela ukwanda kwezifo njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku lethu. iimpembelelo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
Iziphumo zoqoqosho zokutshintsha kwemozulu
Iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu azihambelani nendalo kuphela kunye nempilo. Kananjalo banayo a ifuthe elibi kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Iinkampani ziqala ukuqonda impembelelo yezemali yezehlo zemozulu ezibi kakhulu; Iziseko ezingundoqo ezonakeleyo kunye nelahleko yezityalo iqalisa ukuchaphazela uqoqosho lwengingqi.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lungatyhala phakathi Izigidi ezingama-32 kunye ne-132 yezigidi zabantu bahlwempuzeke kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Oku kwanda kwentlupheko kuya kwandiswa ngokuhla kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zemithombo esisiseko, njengamanzi. EYurophu, ukunyuka kwelahleko yezoqoqosho ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kulindeleke, okuya kubangela uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwiinkqubo zempilo yoluntu kunye nentlalontle.
Enye yezona mpembelelo zibonakalayo zezoqoqosho zinokubonwa kwi kwicandelo lezolimo, njengoko imveliso yezityalo eziphambili ezifana nombona, ingqolowa kunye nerayisi kulindeleke ukuba zichatshazelwe ngakumbi kwiimeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu, ukunciphisa isivuno sabo ubuncinane. I-5% kwiindawo eziphambili zemveliso. Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-2-degree kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisengozini ezifana ne-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, apho ukhuseleko lokutya luya kuphazamiseka kakhulu. Oku akuyi kukhokelela kwindlala kuphela, kodwa kuya kuphazamisa imarike yokutya kumazwe ngamazwe, kube nefuthe kuqoqosho oluxhomekeke kwezolimo.
Njengoko iimeko zemozulu zisiba mbi ngakumbi, iindleko ezinxulumeneyo ezi nazo zandiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ulawulo olungxamisekileyo kunye neentlekele, kunye nokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ezonakalisiweyo, zibeka umthwalo omkhulu wemali koorhulumente. Uqikelelo lucebisa ukuba ilahleko yezoqoqosho isenokungalingani ukuba imilinganiselo yokunciphisa eyaneleyo ayiphunyezwa. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga iintlango ezisengozini ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye neempembelelo zako kwezoqoqosho.
Uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo
Ikamva lokutshintsha kwemozulu aliqinisekanga, kodwa izazinzulu ziye zaseka iimeko ezithile ezisekelwe kwidatha yangoku. I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) iye yaqaphela ukuba ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kuqhubeka ngesantya sangoku, i-avareji yobushushu behlabathi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ngoluhlu lwe 2,3 ukuya 2,7 degrees Celsius ekupheleni kwenkulungwane. Oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kuya kuba neziphumo ezingalinganiyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kuqinisa imbalela kwezinye iindawo ngelixa kubangele izikhukhula kweminye.
Kulindeleke ukuba ukuba amanyathelo angqingqwa awathatyathwa ukunqanda ukufudumala kwehlabathi, iimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo ziya kuxhaphaka kwaye zibe mbi kakhulu. Eyona nto ixhalabisayo ziingxelo zokunyibilika komkhenkce weArctic, onegalelo ekunyukeni kwamaqondo olwandle. Ngokunyuka okulindelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga 6,6 iinyawo ngo-2100, izixeko ezininzi ezingaselunxwemeni zisenokujamelana nezikhukula, ezibangela ukuba izigidi zabantu zishiye amakhaya azo.
Ngaphaya koko, utshintsho lwemozulu luya kuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi kwimimandla apho iimeko zemozulu bezisoloko zizinzile. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba imbalela iya kuqatsela, ikhulise ukhuphiswano lwemithombo yobutyebi enqabileyo, ngelixa ixesha lemililo yamadlelo kulindeleke ukuba libe lide kwaye litshabalalise ngakumbi. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwezi ziganeko kudala uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwimpilo yoluntu kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi. Kule nkalo, kunomdla ukufunda malunga izixeko ezinokunyamalala ngenxa yolu tshintsho.
Ngenxa yolu qikelelo, kubalulekile ukuba amazwe asebenzisane ukuze aphumeze izicwangciso ezisebenzayo ukunciphisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa neziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Oku kubandakanya ukutshintshela kumandla avuselelekayo, uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, kunye notshintsho kwiipatheni zokusetyenziswa ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yehlabathi. Ukuseka izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye namanyathelo asekuhlaleni kuya kuba ngundoqo ekujonganeni nalo mngeni wehlabathi.
Ikamva lesijikelezi-langa sethu lixhomekeke kwizigqibo esizenzayo namhlanje. Isenzo esikhawulezileyo asikwazi nje ukuthomalalisa ukubandezeleka kwabantu, kodwa kwakhona siqinisekise ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zinokunandipha ihlabathi elisempilweni nelinokuhlalwa.
