Njengoko sisazi, kwiMeteorology iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu zisetyenziselwa ukwazi uqikelelo lwemozulu ngenxa yomzuzu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwelifu linesalathiso kunye nomthombo wolwakhiwo. Elinye lamafu amile ngokumangalisayo ngu mammatus amafu. Luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwendlela eyakhiwe ngamafu engashiyi mntu engenamdla. Zombini i-amateurs kunye ne-meteorologists ngokufanayo banikela ingqalelo kwaye bathathe iifoto zezinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinamafu mammatus.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ngemvelaphi, iimpawu kunye noqikelelo lwamafu ezilo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kule meko ayilulo uhlobo lwamafu, kodwa iimpawu zayo ezinokwenzeka ezibaluleke kakhulu. Baninzi abantu abamangaliswayo kukumangaliswa kunye nokubukeka okuhle kwamafu. Bobabini abaqeqeshi kunye neengcali zemeteorology banikela ingqalelo enkulu kolu hlobo lwamafu akhangeleka njengamakhulu ngamanye amaxesha avela esibhakabhakeni. Omnye wemizekelo eyaziwa kakhulu yeemammatus amafu ngulo mfanekiso wemozulu owabanjwa e-Nebraska yi-NASA emva kokudlula kwesitshingitshane ngo-2004. Lo mfanekiso uba yenye yezona zinto zimele ukubonakaliswa kolu hlobo lwamafu.
Ukwahlulahlula okwangoku kufunyenwe kwilifu le-atlas elinemigangatho eli-10, iintlobo ezili-14 kunye neentlobo ezili-9, ukongeza ekubonakaliseni izinto ezahlukeneyo zokongeza, zii-mammatus clouds. Kwaye ayilulo uhlobo lwamafu kodwa yindlela yokubonisa isiseko seentlobo ezininzi kuhlobo olunye. Zonke iintlobo ezichaphazelekayo zezi zilandelayo: cumulonimbus, altocumulus, altoestratus, cirrus, cirrocumulus, kunye ne stratocumulus. Zonke zinokwamkela le milo ikhethekileyo equka ukuxhoma okufana neengxowa ezinkulu okanye ezincinci ezixhonywe esibhakabhakeni. Uninzi ludibanisa namabele ezilwanyana ezanyisayo, yiyo loo nto igama layo.
Njani amafu mammatus
Siza kubona ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokwakheka kwezi ntlobo zixhomekeke kwimeko yendalo esingqongileyo. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, bavela kwiindawo ezisaleleyo zesaqhwithi esivuthiweyo, Oko kuthetha ukuba bayashenxa kude nombonisi kwindawo yakhe esebenzayo. Uninzi lweendawo ezihambelana namabele zinokubonwa ngaphakathi kwamafu ophuhliso. Ngokwesiqhelo la mafu afikelela kuphuhliso olukhulu olumileyo nolwakheke njenge-anvil.
Kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu kwinxalenye esebenzayo yelifu, yona leyo igcina imisinga eyomeleleyo kwicala elinyukayo, kulapho imisinga yomoya esezantsi ithanda ukubonakala khona. Sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni kubangela ukwenziwa kwala mabele kunye neempawu zeli lifu.
Kuwo wonke isibhakabhaka sinamafu angaqhelekanga ane-capricious kwaye esoyikisa ukwakheka kwiimeko ezininzi. Amammatus amafu anamaqhuma angapheliyo enza ngenxa ye Ukungqubana kwezinto ezomeleleyo nkqo zangaphantsi zomoya. Ayingawo amafu anokwakheka kwaye abe luhlobo olwahlulwe ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa endaweni yoko anokuvela kumafu akhankanywe apha ngasentla. Nanini na xa kukho idowndraft eyityumlayo ngokuchasene nokwakheka kwendalo, umphezulu ongezantsi uya kukhokelela kudidi lwamaqhuma okanye amabele anika eli lifu linomdla igama lalo.
Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kunye nezona zibalaseleyo zenzeka xa kwenziwa idowndraft kwilifu eliphakathi le-cumulonimbus. La mafu ahlala emile okwe anvil kwaye ngawona avelisa ezona nyamakazi zibalaseleyo. Kwaye kususela kwilifu ukuba baqale ukuxhoma amaqhuma amangalisayo afanele ukubonwa.
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo zamafu ezincancisayo
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iimeko eziyimfuneko zokusingqongileyo eziyakuba kukwenziwa kwamafu ezincanciso. Kwimvelaphi yeklasikhi evela kuhlobo lokuhambisa. Onke amafu ayenzeka xa umoya ofudumeleyo ongaxinananga kunomoya obandayo uhlala unyuka. Lo moya unyuka ngokungathi ngumbhobho womoya ovela emanzini. Ngesi sizathu, umoya oshushu olayishwe ngumphunga wamanzi uphela ujiyeka xa ungena kwezinye iindawo zomoya obandayo kwaye iqondo lobushushu lincipha kwindawo ephezulu. Yile ndlela ikwazi ngayo ukwenza amathontsi amancinci athi nawo ahambise amandla obushushu kwindalo ejikelezileyo ngenxa yobushushu benyanzelo ebangela ukuba ubunzima buthambekele ngakumbi njengoko inkqubo yokunyuka kubude iqhubeka.
Ubushushu obukhutshiweyo ngexesha lobushushu bufana ncam nelanga kwakufuneka lifake isicelo sokufumana umphunga kwelaa thontsi lamanzi. Oku kwaziwa njengobushushu bokugqibela bomphunga. Into exothermic ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ibangela ukunyuka kwejets zomoya ukufikelela kwisantya esingaphezulu kwe-100 yeekhilomitha ngeyure., efikelela kunyuko lwe-troposphere ukuya ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-15 zokuphakama. Ukuba kukho umoya onqamlezileyo ovuthuzayo kwindawo ephakame kangangeekhilomitha ezi-5 okanye ezili-10, ilifu liyakude lenze lide libethe i-jet yomoya obandayo owela kufutshane nokwakheka kwelifu, okukhokelela kubume be-anvil yelifu cumulonimbus.
IiMammatus zinqabile kwaye zinomtsalane. Ngamanye amaxesha zenzeka emva kwento eyomeleleyo yomoya ojikelezayo, njengasezantsi kwe cumulonimbus amafu. Nangona zisoyikisa, azinabungozi.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezihlabo
Inxalenye yelifu elisemthethweni elinokuba likhulu kakhulu ngokomlinganiso womoya ophuma kuwo. Kwiindawo ezikude nohlaziyo olomeleleyo, umoya ugcwele ukufuma kwaye uqala ukwehla kunye neekristal ezincinci eziqhutywa bubungakanani bomoya. Ukusuka apha sifumana ukwakheka kwamabele. Isibumbulu ngasinye sibonisa enye yezi zinto zisehla emazantsi elifu.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-omen, ubukho bala mafu abubonisi imvula okanye olunye utshintsho olukhulu kwimozulu. Le nto inomtsalane kwaye inomtsalane ingakumbi ekutshoneni kwelanga xa ilanga elibomvu likhanyisela kwaye lithelekise onke amagophe amaqhuma.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda okuninzi malunga namafu ezilo kunye neempawu zazo.