Owona mngeni ubalulekileyo wokusingqongileyo elijongene nawo ihlabathi namhlanje kukufudumala kwehlabathi. Esi siganeko sisiphumo esithe ngqo sokunyuka okungapheliyo kumanqanaba e-greenhouse gas kwi-atmosfera, okubangelwa ikakhulu zizenzo zabantu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngoyena nobangela wokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba yintoni na oonobangela bokushushubeza komhlaba.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izizathu zokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nemiphumo ekhoyo kwiplanethi.
Yintoni ukufudumala kwehlabathi
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubhekiselele kwinto yokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kwizinga lehlabathi jikelele, okubangelwa kukwanda kweegesi zegreenhouse kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba. Ukuqala kweNguqu yezoShishino kuphawule umzuzu obalulekileyo embalini xa ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse (GHGs) kwiatmosfera kube nokwanda okubonakalayo. Njengoko abantu besanda, Kubekho ukwanda okumandla kwimfuno yamandla, ubukhulu becala avela kumafutha efosili.
Olu tshintsho kwimveliso yamandla kunye neepatheni zokusetyenziswa kwakhokelela ekusekweni kwemodeli yenoveli. Esona siphumo siphambili solu tshintsho yayikukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwihlabathi jikelele. ngokunyuka okurekhodiweyo kwe-1,1 ° C phakathi kwe-1850 kunye ne-2017.
Unyaka ka-2023 uya kubona ifuthe eliqhubekayo lokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse kwiatmosfera ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa ngabantu kubangela ukwanda kobushushu besijikelezi-langa, okwaziwa ngokuba kukufudumala kwehlabathi. Lo mkhwa ubangela ukuguquguquka kwemozulu okungekokwendalo ebekungekhe kwenzeke. Ingxelo yamva nje evela kwiPhaneli yoRhulumente kuTshintsho lweMozulu (IPCC) ithi Ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kudlula i-1,5 ° C, ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kuya kwenzeka, njengezaqhwithi ezinamandla kunye nexesha elide lembalela.
Ezi zehlo zemozulu zimbi kakhulu zinokubakho rhoqo kwaye zibe mandundu, zibangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kokusingqongileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu iyahluka ngokwemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, imimandla ekwiincam zomhlaba ifumana ukufudumala ngesantya esiphindwe kabini kunelo lonke ihlabathi. Ukuba siqhubeka kwindlela yangoku yokufudumala kwehlabathi, Umkhenkce weArctic unokunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka.
Izinto ezibangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuqala kubangelwa yi-greenhouse effect, inkqubo yendalo enceda ukulawula ubushushu bomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqina kwesi siganeko kwenzeka xa iigesi ze-atmospheric zibamba ubushushu. Ngamanye amazwi, okukhona kuphezulu ukuxinana kweegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni, kokukhona kugcinwa ubushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ngenxa yezenzo zabantu, i-greenhouse effect iya isanda, ibangela ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emhlabeni. Izinto ezibangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngoonobangela abaphambili abanegalelo kwesi siganeko. Aba ngoonobangela abaphambili bokufudumala kwehlabathi:
- Ukunyuka kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili, into ebhalwe ngokubanzi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.
- Abemi behlabathi banda ngokukhawuleza, benyusa uxinzelelo kwimithombo.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwezidalwa ezisemhlabeni, okufak’ isandla ekwehleni kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, okuchaphazela ukukwazi kwemithi ukufunxa iCO2.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, nto leyo eyenza imeko yokufudumala kwehlabathi ibe mandundu.
Ukunyuka okukrakra kwi-greenhouse gases yimbangela yokukhathazeka njengoko iguqula ngokukhawuleza imozulu ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba izinto ezithile eziphilayo azikwazi ukulungelelanisa ngexesha. Oonobangela bokufudumala kwehlabathi Zibangela iziphumo ezininzi ezichaphazela umhlaba wethu.
Izinga olwenzeka ngalo ukufudumala kwehlabathi lingaphezulu kwezinto ebeziqikelelwe zizazinzulu. Enyanisweni, ezinye iziphumo sele zisisisongelo kwimeko-bume yaye zibeka esichengeni ubukho bezityalo nezilwanyana, kwakunye nobobantu.
Iimpembelelo kokusingqongileyo
Ezona ziphumo ziphambili kokusingqongileyo zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukunyibilika komkhenkce kwincam yencam kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kube yinkxalabo enkulu yokusingqongileyo.
- Utshintsho olwenzeka kwi-ikhosistim.
- Iintshukumo ezinkulu zabantu.
- Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle yeyona nto ixhalabisayo.
- Ukunyamalala kweentlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
- Imozulu embi eqatha.
Ngaphaya koko, i-IPCC iqikelela ukuba ukuba ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse akuncitshiswa, Umyinge womgangatho wolwandle uya kunyuka malunga ne-82 cm ngonyaka wama-2100 ngenxa yokunyibilika kweminqwazi yencam yomhlaba kunye nobushushu behlabathi. Olu kuphakama lubalulekileyo luya kuchaphazela kakhulu imimandla emininzi yonxweme kwihlabathi jikelele.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu inabela kwezolimo nakwezokuloba, nto leyo ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokutya. Nje ngeziphumo, abantu abathile banyanzelwa ukuba bafuduke ukuze baqinisekise ukuphila kwabo, oko kubangela ukuvela kweembacu zemozulu.. Ezi meko zandisa ukruthakruthwano malunga nokufumaneka kobutyebi bendalo, ngakumbi amanzi, kwaye zenza nzulu ngakumbi ukungalingani phakathi kwabantu, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo.
Iilwandle zidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengokutshona kwekhabhon, zifunxa ikharbon diokside (CO2) kwiatmosfera kwaye ziyigcine. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuqokelelana kwe-CO2 kwiilwandle kuguqula ukubunjwa kwayo, kubangela i-asidi yayo. Le acidification ibeka isoyikiso esithe ngqo kumandla olwandle okufunxa iCO2, ngelixa ibangela umonakalo kunye nezifo kwizityalo zaselwandle kunye nefauna.
Kwixesha elizayo elingekude, amaqondo obushushu kwiindawo zomhlaba omkhulu kuMntla weIkhweyitha kulindeleke ukuba adlule kumaxabiso ajongwayo Kutshanje kutsha nje umyinge obalulekileyo ongaphezulu kwe-0,8°C.
Xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo, ukufudumala kweArctic kuqikelelwa ukuba kungaphezulu kabini komndilili wehlabathi. UMzantsi-ntshona woMntla Merika kulindeleke ukuba ujongane neemeko zemozulu ezomileyo. Kwelinye icala, ummandla waseSahel kunye neOstreliya kulindeleke ukuba bafumane ukonyuka kwemvula erekhodiweyo.
Izisombululo zokunciphisa iziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi
Ukuqwalasela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kubalulekile kuzo zonke iinzame zomntu, nokuba kubomi bomntu, ishishini okanye ulawulo.
Ukujongana neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa indlela yokuphila kwiimeko zangoku ngokunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse. Inyathelo lokuqala lokufezekisa le njongo kukwazi ukunyathela kwekhabhoni yakho.
Umlinganiselo wokuqala wokunciphisa unyawo lwethu lwekhabhoni kukuyibala, okubandakanya ukuchonga eyona mithombo iphambili yokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kwindlela yethu yemihla ngemihla kwaye lungisa indlela yethu yokuphila ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ifuthe layo kokusingqongileyo.
Ukulwa nokufudumala kwehlabathi, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukucutha ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngamanyathelo afana nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa indawo yethu yedijithali yekhabhoni, kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela zothutho ezizinzileyo.
Ukusebenzela ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, inkampani ixhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zokusingqongileyo ezijolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye nokunciphisa indawo yayo yekhabhoni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezizathu zokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nemiphumo yako kwindalo.
