El ICenozoic yahlulwe yazihlandlo ezininzi. Enye yazo yi Paleocene. Eli lelinye lamaxesha okwakheka komhlaba asuka malunga nezigidi ezingama-66 zeminyaka eyadlulayo ukuya malunga nezigidi ezingama-56 zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Eli xesha lithatha malunga ne-10 lezigidi zeminyaka kwaye lakhiwe emva kokutshabalala okudumileyo kweedinosaurs. Ngeli xesha, isijikelezi-langa sasijongene nenye yeemeko ezinobutshaba eyakhe yahlangabezana nayo kwimbali yayo. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, isijikelezi-langa siye sazinza, saba yindawo egqibeleleyo yokuhlala, apho uninzi lwezityalo nezilwanyana zinokuphila khona.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nePaleocene.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, Eli xesha lokuma komhlaba lithatha iminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezili-10. Ngeli xesha bekukho umsebenzi omandla wejoloji. Oku kuthetha ukuba iplanethi yethu ibisebenza kakhulu ngokwembono yejoloji. Ngeli xesha ilizwekazi eliphambili elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea lalisahlukane ngokupheleleyo. Amacwecwe e-tectonic kunye nentshukumo yabo ayanda kwaye amazwekazi apho ahambela kwindawo abanayo namhlanje.
Eli xesha laliphawuleka ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezininzi. Ngexesha le-Paleocene, amaqela amaninzi ezilwanyana akwazi ukusinda kolu nyalo luninzi olwabangela ukunyamalala kweedinosaurs. Kwixesha elandulelayo, baye bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezashiywa seso siganeko singaqhelekanga baza bakwazi ukuhlukahlukana, ekugqibeleni bahlala kwiindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngale nto, unokujonga inqaku kwi Izilwanyana zePaleocene.
Umsebenzi ophakamileyo wejoloji ubonakaliswe kukuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Ngeli xesha kwaqinisekisa ukuyilwa kwe-Laramide orogeny. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-geology kuba inike iziphumo kwangoko ekwakhiweni kweentaba zeentaba ezikhoyo namhlanje eMntla Melika naseMexico. Ezi ntaba zezi Iintaba ezinamatye kunye neSierra Madre Oriental.
IGondwana yenye yezona ndawo zihamba phambili emva kwePangea. Le nto ibalaseleyo yaqhubeka ukwahlulahlula kwaye babesele beyinxalenye yale nto Umhlaba omkhulu weAfrika, uMzantsi Melika, iAustralia neAntarctica. Ezi ziqwenga zine zomhlaba zikhulu zahlakazeka kwaye zaqala ukuhamba ngenxa yesiphumo sokukhenketha kwelizwekazi kumacala ahlukeneyo. YiAntarctica eya kwipali esemazantsi yeplanethi apho yayiza kugqitywa igqunywe ngumkhenkce. Kufuneka siqonde ukuba, ngaphandle kokuma kweli zwekazi, belingayi kugutyungelwa ngumkhenkce kwaye beliya kuba lilizwekazi njengamanye.
I-Paleocene Geology kunye neClimatology
Ukusuka kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, yafudukela emantla kwaye kamva yadibana ne-Eurasia. I-Australia, kwicala layo, yafudukela kumantla mpuma nangona yayihlala ihlala kumazantsi eeplanethi. Sele siyazi ukuba intshukumo yamazwekazi ixhomekeke kumacwecwe eteknoloji kunye Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga yengubo yomhlaba.
Isiqwenga esimele uMzantsi Melika sifudukele emantla ntshona de sasisondele eMntla Melika. Njengokuba babengekho manyani, isiqwenga samanzi sasikhona phakathi kwabo esasisaziwa njengeelwandlekazi zelizwekazi. Phakathi kwencam esempuma yeAsia kunye nencam yasentshona yeNtla Melika kwavela ibhulorho yomhlaba eyabagcina benxibelelana amawaka eminyaka. Okwangoku indawo ihlala uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Ngokuphathelele imozulu yePaleocene, ngaloo maxesha amandulo imozulu yesi sijikelezi-langa yayibanda kakhulu kwaye ingumqwebedu. Oku kwakungenxa yeemeko ezishiywe lulwandiso oludala. Njengoko ixesha lalihamba, imozulu yayisiba shushu ngakumbi. Ukuqonda ngcono olu tshintsho lwemozulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufunde malunga ne utshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu kwimbali yoMhlaba.
Ubume bamaqondo obushushu anyukayo
Ngeli xesha kwenzeke isiganeko esabangela ukuba amaqondo obushushu anyuke ngepesenti encinci. Esi siganeko sincinci saziwa ngokuba yi-Paleocene thermal maximum.
Yimozulu yesimo sezulu apho ubushushu beplanethi bukhuphuke nge-avareji yeedigri ezi-6. Ukuhlalutya iirekhodi ezikhoyo kumaqondo obushushu beplanethi ngeli xesha, kunokubonwa ukuba iqondo lobushushu lenyuke kakhulu nasezibondeni. Oku kwaziwa kuba iifosili zezinto eziphilayo eziqhelekileyo kumanzi tropiki zifunyenwe kuLwandlekazi iArctic.
Lo mkhwa wokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu waba neziphumo kwimizimba yamanzi, echaphazela izinto ezininzi eziphilayo. Ezi zinto ziphilayo zachatshazelwa kakuhle yile nto kwaye umzekelo ocacileyo kukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ezincelisayo. Kwenziwa iinzame zokucacisa oonobangela abahlukeneyo bokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kunye nentshukumo emandla yentaba-mlilo iphakathi kwezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Enye yezona mpembelelo zinokuphazanyiswa yile comet emhlabeni okanye ukukhutshwa kwesixa esikhulu segesi yemethane emoyeni. Njengoko sisazi, irhasi yemethane sisibaso esinamandla sokugcina ubushushu kunye nokugcina ubushushu.
Ekupheleni kwePaleocene imozulu yaba shushu ngakumbi kwaye ifumile.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zePaleocene
Ukuphela kwenyambalala kubangele ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ziphile kwaye zichume, ziguquke kwaye zibe zezona ntlobo zitsha zibalaseleyo kwiplanethi. Makhe sihlalutye i-flora. Ngeli xesha kwavela izityalo ezininzi ezisekho nanamhlanje ezifana Imithi yesundu, iiconiferi kunye necacti zezi.
Imozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo ngakumbi ithanda umhlaba omkhulu ogqunywe zizityalo ezichumileyo neziluhlaza, nto leyo esiyaziyo namhlanje njengamahlathi namahlathi. Uhlalutyo oluthe kratya lweentlobo ezihlala kweli xesha, unokutyelela iphepha malunga ne Paleogene fauna.
Ngokumalunga nezilwanyana, izilwanyana ezazisindile zazinethuba lokwahluka kunye nokwanda kuwo wonke umhlaba. Izilwanyana ezinezinga eliphezulu lokukhula ziintaka, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye neentlanzi. Olu phuhliso lubangelwa yinto yokuba ekunyamalaleni kwee-dinosaurs izidalwa zezilwanyana ezininzi zanyamalala kwaye ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo zendalo lwancipha.
Izirhubuluzi zazithandwa ziimeko zemozulu ezazikho ngeli xesha kwaye zakwazi ukusasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala. Ngokuphathelele izilwanyana ezincancisayo, mhlawumbi yayilelona qela liphumeleleyo kuyo yonke iPaleocene fauna.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngePaleocene.