Emva kweentsuku ezininzi kunye isibhakabhaka esingwevu, umoya wasentla kunye nokubanda okufumileyo Akumnandi kangako, umoya ulungiselela utshintsho olubonakalayo xa uvula ifestile. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-"thermal rebound" yomoya wasentla ube lubushushu obufana nobentwasahlobo ayilobinzana nje elinomtsalane: lichaza utshintsho olukhulu kwimo yezulu, oluthi kwiiyure ezimbalwa nje luguqule umoya ophantse ube sebusika ube yinto eqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kunye nemozulu ephezulu kunye nozinzo olubonakalayo, nangona kunjalo, olunomhla wokuphelelwa.
Kule meko, iindawo ezifana ILa Rioja okanye isithathu esisempuma sePeninsula yaseIberia Baza kuva amacala amabini ahluke kakhulu kwimozulu: okokuqala, ixesha lokuzinza, ilanga kunye namaqondo obushushu aza kufikelela okanye adlule kwi-25ºC; emva koko, ukubuyela kokungazinzi kunye neembandana ezibandayo, amaqondo obushushu ahlayo, ikhephu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphantsi kunye neziganeko ezigqithisileyo ezifana nokuqhuma kobushushu, okunokubangela umoya onamandla, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngequbuliso kunye neengxaki zokhuseleko elunxwemeni nakwiindawo zasezidolophini.
Ukuphela kwemimoya evela emantla kunye nokufika kozinzo
Inyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda olu tshintsho lobushushu kukuba utshintsho kwimo yemozulu kumanqanaba aphakathi naphezulu i-atmosphere. I-Azores High, eyayisakuthanda ukungena kwemimoya yasemntla ezele ngumoya opholileyo nofumileyo, ithambekele ekuyeni kwiMeditera nakumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu, iphula indlela ebisoloko ikho kule veki.
Ngaloo ntshukumo, kwiindawo ezifana neLa Rioja, ukunyamalala kancinci kancinci kokuhamba komsinga osuka emantla kunye nokungena kwemimoya ephuma emazantsikushushu kakhulu kwaye komile xa kuthelekiswa. Oku kujikeleziswa komoya phezu komhlaba kubalulekile kwindalo esingqongileyo ukusuka ekubeninda nokungathandekiyo ukuya ekubeni shushu nokuqaqamba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
Kwangaxeshanye, ulwimi oluncinci lwe Umqolo ongaphantsi kwetropiki udlulela kwiPeninsulaukuqinisa ngakumbi uzinzo. I-ridge yindawo nje enoxinzelelo oluphezulu xa iphezulu, enxulunyaniswa nomoya ofudumeleyo nowomileyo, othintela uphuhliso lwamafu ajikelezayo kwaye igcina isibhakabhaka sicacile okanye sinelanga.
Isiphumo solu qwalaselo lutsha siguqulela kwiziphumo ezininzi ezicacileyo: uzinzo lomoya, isibhakabhaka esicacileyo ngokubanzi, kunye nokunyuka okuphawulekayo kobushushuImvakalelo yabantu abaqhelekileyo iya kuba "yeyotshintsho olukhulu": ukusuka ekukhululeni iijakethi zabo kunye neeambrela ukuya ekubeni bakwazi ukucwangcisa imisebenzi yangaphandle, ii-terraces okanye iindawo zokuphumla ngexesha lokugqibela leVeki eNgcwele.
Kuyafaneleka ukugxininisa ukuba olu hlobo lotshintsho aluqhelekanga entwasahlobo: umoya ngeli xesha lonyaka unamandla kakhulu, kwaye ulungelelwaniso lwe-anticyclonic lutshintshana ngokufika kwemibala ebandayo ngexesha elifutshane, ukuze Ixesha lokuzinza lingathatha iintsuku ezintathu okanye ezine kuphela. ngaphambi kokuba imephu ihlelwe kwakhona.
Ukunyuka okucacileyo kobushushu: ukusuka esibhakabhakeni esingwevu ukuya ekufudumaleni kwentwasahlobo
Xa umsinga osuka emantla unqanyulwe kwaye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lubambekile, amaqondo obushushu aphendula ngokukhawuleza. Isigqubuthelo samafu esincinci, ngokubanzi ngamafu aphezulu okuhombisa kuphelaKwaye ukukhanya kwelanga okuqhelekileyo ngeli xesha lonyaka kwenza okuseleyo. Umhlaba uyashushu, umoya okufutshane nomphezulu nawo uyashushu, kwaye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aqala ukunyuka okumangalisayo kwiiyure ezingama-24-48 kuphela.
KwiNtlambo yase-Ebro, ingakumbi kwiNtlambo yaseRioja, uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aya kuba malunga okanye adlule lula kwi-25°C ngempelaveki. Lutshintsho olukhulu emva kweentsuku apho i-mercury ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye yavakala ibanda kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yomoya ovela emantla.
Kwiindawo zePeninsula yase-Iberia nakwiindawo eziphakathi kweentaba, kulindeleke ukunyuka okukhulu, kunye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokudlula i-20ºC kwiindawo ezininzi. Nangona amaqondo obushushu aphantsi eza kuqala ukubanda ekuqaleni kwesiqendu, aza kunyuka njengoko iintsuku zihamba, nto leyo enciphisa umahluko phakathi kobusuku nemini.
Konke oku kudala imeko-bume esinokuyichaza njenge Ixesha lentwasahlobo elipheleleyo: isibhakabhaka esicacileyo uninzi lwaso, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwixesha lonyaka kunye nomvakalelo omnandi wobushushu phakathi emini. Olu ngxubakaxaka lubangela ukuba abantu abaninzi bacinge ukuba olu tshintsho lobushushu "lufikile ngequbuliso imozulu entle".
Ngokwembono yokucwangcisa, le mihla ijongeka "iluncedo kakhulu": imisebenzi yangaphandle, ukhenketho, iindlela zeentaba okanye ukutyelela iindawo zendalo Baza kubona iimeko ezingcono kakhulu kunakwiiveki ezidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba esi siganeko sifutshane kwaye utshintsho oluya kwindlela engazinzile sele lulindelwe kwixesha elifutshane.
Ubushushu obuphezulu ngoMvulo: umoya osuka kumzantsi-mpuma kunye nefuthe le-foehn
Ngaphakathi kwesiganeko esinomoya opholileyo nozinzileyo, yonke into ibonisa ukuba UMvulo uya kuba lolona suku lufudumeleyoUkusondela kancinci kancinci kwesaqhwithi esivela kwiAtlantiki kuya kuqinisa ukuhamba kwemimoya esemazantsi nakumzantsi-mpuma phezu kwePeninsula, ingakumbi kwiindawo zentlambo yase-Ebro nakwiindawo ezikufutshane.
ELa Rioja, loo moya uvela kumzantsi-mpuma unokubangela umoya ophawulweyo impembelelo ye-foehn kunxweme oluphezulu lomlamboLe nto yenzeka xa umoya ofumileyo unyuka uye phezulu kwithambeka, ulahlekelwa bubunye bobumanzi bawo ngendlela yamafu kunye nemvula, uze wehle kwelinye icala sele womile kwaye ucinezelwe, ufudumala ngokukhawuleza (malunga ne-1 ºC kwi-100 yeemitha nganye yokwehla ukuba umoya womile).
Ngenxa yoko, kwezo ndawo zithandwa ngumoya womoya, Amaqondo obushushu anokufikelela kumaxabiso aphezulu kakhulukude kudlule ukufundwa kweempelaveki. NgoMvulo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe yeyona ncopho yobushushu, apho iimeko ziphantse zifane nehlobo emini kwezinye iidolophu ezikwintlambo.
Nangona kunjalo, umoya ovela kumzantsi-mpuma ungavuthuza kakhulu, ingakumbi ezantsi kwentlambo, nto leyo eyenza uzive ungakhululekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba lusuku olunye... Izinzile ngokucacileyo, yomile kwaye ifudumele, kodwa inomoya ovuthuzayo obonakalayo nto leyo enokwenza imisebenzi efana nokutshisa izityalo, ukusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, okanye ukuhamba ngezithuthi ezilula.
Olu hlobo lokudibana kwemimoya enamandla, umoya owomileyo, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu nako kuyawonyusa umngcipheko womlilo kwizityalonangona ingekafiki ihlobo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abasemagunyeni badla ngokugxininisa imfuneko yokulumka ngakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni okanye kwiindawo eziluhlaza xa kukho ezi meko.
Ukubuya kokungazinzi: ubushushu obubandayo, ukwehla kobushushu kunye nekhephu
Ixesha lemozulu efudumeleyo nezinzileyo yasentwasahlobo liza kuphela kungekudala. Ukususela ngoLwesibini, umlambo obandayo uvela entshona Iza kuqala ukusasazeka kulo lonke iPeninsula kwaye iza kubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwimozulu, kuqala kumntla-ntshona nakumbindi, ize kamva ibangele nezinye iindawo.
Kwimimandla efana neLa Rioja, kulindeleke ukuba kufike phambili ngokukodwa. ukuqala ngoLwesibini emva kweminiNgokunyuka okubonakalayo kokugquma kwamafu kunye nemvula yokuqala. Ubunzima bomoya obandayo obunxulumene nale nkqubo buza kubangela ukwehla okukhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, anokwehla phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-12°C kwiiyure ezingama-24 kuphela kwiindawo eziphakathi, emantla, nakumantla-ntshona elizwe.
KwiSiqingatha sase-Iberia, olu nciphiso luchazwe ziinkonzo zemozulu njenge ingaqhelekanga ekupheleni kuka-EpreliEmva kweentsuku ezininzi zobushushu obungaqhelekanga, i-mercury iya kubuyela kumaxabiso asondele kakhulu - kwaye nangaphantsi - kwanamanqanaba aqhelekileyo ngeli xesha lonyaka.
Ukongeza ekwehleni kobushushu, indibaniselwano yomoya ongaphantsi kwetropiki kwimigangatho ephezulu kunye nokufika komphambili obandayo ovela emantla kuya kunika umoya umoya isibhakabhaka esingwevu kwiindawo ezininzi zePeninsula kunye neZiqithi zaseBalearicKulindeleke ukuba kubekho imvula ebanzi, kwiimeko ezininzi ngendlela yeendudumo zasemini kwiindawo ezinkulu zangaphakathi, ingakumbi emazantsi.
Kwimimandla yaseAndalusia nakwiNkqubo ePhakathi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi mvula nezivuthuvuthu zinokuba inamandla ekuhlaleni kwaye ihamba nesichothoukwandisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iziqendu zolu hlobo zinokuchaphazela iziseko zophuhliso, iindlela, kunye nezityalo ukuba ziyenzeka ngexesha elifutshane.
Enye yezinto eziza kuqaqamba kakhulu iza kuba ukubuyela kwekhephu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphantsiIngakumbi kwinxalenye yesithathu esemantla. Inqanaba lekhephu liza kwehla imini yonke liye malunga neemitha ezingama-800-1.000, kwaye i-AEMET iqikelela ukuba kummandla wasempuma weCantabrian, iikhephu zinokubonakala ziphakathi kweemitha ezingama-500 ukuya kuma-700 ngamaxesha okugqibela.
Ukuqokelelana kwekhephu kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zeentaba ezifana IiPyrenees zaseNtshona kunye neNkqubo yase-Iberia eseMantlaIkhephu, kunye nomoya, zenze indawo enobusika obucacileyo nangona sele kungene u-Epreli. Eli khephu lingenza iimeko zibe nzima kwiindlela zeentaba nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo zeentaba.
Umoya, okwangoku, uza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwakhona: uqikelelo umoya onamandla kakhulu wasentla kwintlambo yase-Ebro Kwaye kulindeleke imimoya enamandla evela emantla kwiZiqithi zaseCanary, apho, ngokumangalisayo, amaqondo obushushu angayi kwehla ngokufanayo. KwiiCanary, kulindeleke ukunyuka okuncinci kobushushu, nangona kukho amafu amaninzi kwiindawo ezisemantla.
Nokuba kunjalo, eli xesha libandayo nelinoxinzelelo liza kuhlala ixesha elifutshane. Ukulandelelana kobushushu obunamandla, ukwehla kobushushu, kunye nokubuyela kwiimeko ezipholileyo yinxalenye yendalo yomoya entwasahlobo, ixesha elaziwa ngokuba utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kunye nomahluko ophawulekayo kwixesha elifutshane.
Ukuqhuma kobushushu: xa ubushushu bufika ngendlela "yesivuthuvuthu esomileyo"
Ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu lobunzima bomoya, umoya ungasimangalisa ngeziganeko zasekuhlaleni ezinzulu kakhulu, ezinje ukuvuthuza okushushu (okanye ukuvuthuza okushushu)Ezi ziziganeko ezimfutshane kodwa ezinokubangela umonakalo, apho i-thermometer inyuka ngemizuzu embalwa, umswakama uyehla, kwaye umoya ufikelela kwiimvula ezinamandla kakhulu.
Ukuqhuma kobushushu kunxulunyaniswa ne ukwehla komoya kwilifu lesiphango okanye i-cumulonimbusUmoya obandayo nowomileyo wehla ecaleni kwelifu, udlule kumaleko owomileyo nofudumeleyo, uze xa ufika kumphezulu unwebeke ngokuthe tye ngesaqhwithi. Kwimeko yokuqhuma okufudumeleyo, ukwehla kwenzeka kwindawo apho umoya ushushu ngokukhawuleza, ngesantya esimalunga ne-1°C kwiimitha ezili-100, njengoko phantse ungenamanzi angamanzi.
Impembelelo ethe ngqo yale nkqubo ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo kobushushu, ukwehla okukhulu komswakama, kunye nomoya onamandla okanye onamandla kakhuluKonke oku kwenzeka ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 nengama-30. Xa le nto yenzeka kwinqanaba elincinci—i-microburst—ububanzi bayo obuthe tye abufikeleli kwi-4 km kwaye ubude bayo buhlala bungaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-15.
Ezi ziqendu zinzima kakhulu ukuzixela ngokuchanekileyo, kuba indalo ifumaneka kakhulu kwaye ihlala ixesha elifutshaneIinkonzo zemozulu zinokulumkisa ngeemeko ezilungileyo - ubukho bomoya owomileyo kumaleko asezantsi, uphuhliso lwesiphepho kwindawo efudumeleyo - kodwa akunakwenzeka rhoqo ukuqikelela ixesha elichanekileyo kunye nexesha apho ubushushu buza kwenzeka khona.
Enyanisweni, ukuqhuma okufudumeleyo kuye kwabonwa rhoqo kwi isithathu esisempuma se-peninsulaapho kuye kwabhalwa khona amatyala abulalayo nanomonakalo kumaphondo afana neAlbacete, iGranada, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zoLuntu lwaseValencian. Apho, ngexesha lesiganeko sakutshanje, amaqondo obushushu afikelele kwi-42°C kwiiyure zokuqala zasekuseni eCastellón, ehamba nomoya onamandla kunye nokwehla okukhulu komswakama.
Ngokomzekelo, eGandÃa, ukuqhuma okufudumeleyo kwabamangalisa abantu abahlamba elunxwemeni okwabangela umoya onamandla kangangokuba wawisa ivili likaFerrisIziqendu ezifanayo nazo zibhalwe kwiMarina Alta, kumntla-mpuma we-Alicante, apho umonakalo wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo udibene nomoya.
KwiCosta Tropical yaseGranada, olunye uqhushumbo lobushushu lwathumela i-thermometer phezulu 40°C ngelixa umoya ovuthuzayo ophantse ube yi-87 km/h urekhodweAmangqina achaze esi siganeko "njengesivuthuvuthu esomileyo," esinesibhakabhaka esisongelayo, imimoya enamandla, kunye nobushushu obuncitshisiweyo, kodwa akukho mvula inkulu. Kwabakho umsinga wamanzi ecaleni konxweme lwaseTorrenueva Costa.
Kwiimeko ezinje, abasemagunyeni bathatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza. iinkqubo zongxamiseko kunye nokuphuma kwabantuUkuvalwa kweelwandle, ukususwa kwabantu emanzini, ukumiswa kwemisebenzi yolwandle, kunye nokubekwa esweni okwandisiweyo. EGranada, uHlangulo lwaseLwandle, iCivil Guard, kunye namaqela abahlanguli bobomi basindisa abantu abaliqela ababekhukulisekile, kuquka abatyibilizi bephedi kunye nabahlali beenqanawa ezincinci.
Le ndlela yokuziphatha egqithisileyo emoyeni idla ngokunxulunyaniswa amaza obushushu kunye neenkqubo eziqinileyo zokujikelezaEzi ndawo zibonakaliswa kukudibana komoya oshushu kakhulu, iileya ezomileyo, kunye neeseli zesaqhwithi kwisigaba sazo sokuvuthwa okanye sokunyamalala. Enyanisweni, ubushushu obufanayo obabangela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nobushushu obubangela inkungu kunye nemililo yasendle eSpain nabo babe negalelo ekuqhumeni kobushushu okuninzi kwinxalenye esempuma yelizwe.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuqhuma okufudumeleyo kuxhaphake kakhulu ebusuku okanye kusasa, xa Iziphepho ngoku zingena kwinqanaba lokusasazeka kwaye kukho ukuguqulwa kobushushu kwiindawo ezisezantsi.Le meko ithanda i-jet ezantsi egxile phezulu efikelela phezulu ngamandla amakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuqhuma okuqhumayo kunye nokutsiba okubonakalayo kobushushu.
Yintoni enokuthethwa ngokuqiniseka nento engaqinisekanga
Ngexesha elifutshane, izinto ezininzi zesimo sezulu zichazwe ngokucacileyo. Kwelinye icala, oku kulandelayo kuqinisekisiwe: ukuphela komoya ohamba ixesha elide ukusuka emantla ebilawula imihla edlulileyo, nto leyo ebangele utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela umoya ohamba ngayo. Olu tshintsho luvula ithuba lokufumana ixesha lozinzo nobushushu eliya kwahluka kakhulu kwiimeko ezibandayo nezimanzi zemihla edlulileyo.
Iimodeli nazo ziyavumelana ngento enye Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu okucacileyo ngempelaveki nangoMvulokunye nendalo ezinzileyo nenelanga kakhulu ngaloo mihla. Ngokwendlela engokoqobo, oku kuthetha ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu entlanjeni (malunga okanye ngaphezulu kwama-25°C) kwaye amaxabiso angaphezulu kwama-20°C kwiindawo eziphakathi kweentaba, kunye nobusuku obupholileyo njengoko isiqendu siqhubeka.
Enye ingxaki eqinisekileyo kukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luqala ngoLwesibiniNjengoko ukusondela komphezulu obandayo kuzisa ukugquma kwamafu okwandileyo, ukwehla okukhulu kwamaqondo obushushu, imvula, kwaye, emantla, ukubuyela kwekhephu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphantsi, iimeko zemozulu ezimbi ezilindelekileyo ngaloo mini nakwimihla elandelayo nazo zixhaswa kakhulu yimiphumo yemodeli yemozulu.
Kwimiba yokungaqiniseki, iinkalo ezicacileyo zokuqikelela ziyasebenza. Umzekelo, amandla achanekileyo omoya osuka kumzantsi-mpuma ngoMvulo KwiNtlambo yase-Ebro, isantya somoya sinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho oluncinci kwisaqhwithi sase-Atlantic esihambisa olu hambo. Utshintsho oluncinci kwindawo lunokwenza umahluko obonakalayo kwizaqhwithi zomoya ezirekhodiweyo ekugqibeleni.
Ikwabonisa umlinganiselo othile wokuguquguquka. umzuzu ochanekileyo apho utshintsho lwexesha luza kwenzeka ngoLwesibiniKwezinye iindawo, imozulu embi ingafika ngaphambi kwemini; kwezinye, iya kugxila emva kwemini nangokuhlwa. Oku kungaqiniseki malunga nexesha elithile kuyinto eqhelekileyo xa kujongwana neenkqubo zangaphambili ezinqumla i-Iberian Peninsula.
Elinye inqaku elingenakuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo kukuba ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bemvula nto leyo eza kushiya isiqendu esitsha singazinzanga. Nangona kukho ukuvumelana malunga nokubuya kwemvula kwaneziphepho ezinamandla zasekuhlaleni, ukusasazwa kwemvula enkulu, kunye nokubakho kwesichotho esinamandla okanye akunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezincinci ezijikelezayo ezinzima ukuqikelela iintsuku ezimbalwa kwangaphambili.
Ngokuphathelele ukuqhuma kobushushu, ukungaqiniseki kukhulu ngakumbi, kuba kubandakanya izinto ezithile kakhulu nezincinciIinkonzo zemozulu zinokulumkisa malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwindawo ebanzi xa kukho amaza obushushu, umoya owomileyo kwiindawo ezisezantsi kunye nezivuthuvuthu kwindawo esingqongileyo, kodwa ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo indawo nexesha lokuqhuma okuthile, okwangoku, akunakwenzeka.
Nokuba kunjalo, uluntu ngoku lunezixhobo ezingcono kunangaphambili zokulandela imozulu ngexesha langempela: izilumkiso ezisemthethweni, ii-apps zemozulu, iirada kunye nezitishi ezizenzekelayo Zivumela ukulungelelanisa izigqibo zokuzonwabisa, zokhuseleko, okanye zomsebenzi ngokukhululeka okukhulu, ukuba nje ingqwalasela encinci inikwa ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo.
Ngokubanzi, imozulu ekhawulezileyo ijongeka njengentwasahlobo ekwincopho yayo: Ukusuka kwimimoya yasemntla ukuya kubushushu obufana nehlobo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, uze emva koko uye ekwehleni kobushushu obutsha ngenxa yemvula, ikhephu kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu. njengokuqhuma okufudumeleyo okanye izichotho ezinamandla. Ukuqonda indlela ii-anticyclones, ii-ridges, ii-cold fronts, kunye neenkqubo ezijikelezayo ezisebenzisana ngayo kunceda kungekuphela nje ekutolikeni ngcono iimaphu zemozulu, kodwa nasekuqikeleleni iingozi, ukucwangcisa ngcono imisebenzi yangaphandle, kunye nokwamkela ukuba, ngeli xesha lonyaka, into eqhubekayo kuphela kukutshintsha.
