Njengokuba inani labantu lisanda, sinyuka nesidingo: izindlu ezingaphezulu, ifanitshala engaphezulu, iphepha elininzi, amanzi amaninzi, ukutya okungakumbi, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi ziyafuneka. Ukuyanelisa, bekukhethwe iminyaka emininzi ukuya amahlathi anamahlathi, omnye wemiphunga yoMhlaba. Amahlathi awagcini nje ngokufunxa ikharbon diokside kwaye akhuphe ioksijini emoyeni, leyo, njengoko sisazi, yigesi esifuna ukuyiphefumla kwaye, ke, ukuze siphile, kodwa ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwemozulu kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunegalelo ekwenzeni ubushushu behlabathi bube mandundu. Kodwa, Njani? Izifundo ezibini ezipapashwe kwijenali yenzululwazi zityhila oko ukugawula imithi kwandisa iqondo lobushushu ngaphezu kokukholelwa ngaphambili. Eyokuqala, evela kwiZiko lokusiNgqongileyo kunye noZinzo lweZiko eliHlanganisiweyo loPhando lweKhomishini yaseYurophu (i-JRC), ichaza indlela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuchaphazela ngayo ukuhamba kwamandla kunye namanzi phakathi komhlaba nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba, njengoko sele kusenzeka kwimimandla. yetropiki.
Kwimeko yesibini, elungiselelwe ngumphandi uKim Naudts weLabhoratri yeClimate kunye neSayensi yokusiNgqongileyo kwiPierre Simon Laplace Institute (eFransi) kunye neqela lakhe, kuboniswa ukuba nangona isigqubuthelo somthi eYurophu siyanda, into yokuba iintlobo ezithile kuphela zityalwa. ibangela isiphumo esichasayo se-cascade. Ukusukela ngo-2010, i-85% yamahlathi aseYurophu alawulwa ngabantu, kodwa aba bantu bakhetha abo banexabiso elikhulu lezorhwebo, njengepayini kunye neebhichi. Amahlathi abanzi ancitshiswe ngama-436.000 km2 ukususela ngo-1850.
Ukutshintshwa kwamahlathi avuthulukileyo kunye namahlathi e-coniferous kukhokelele kutshintsho kwi-evapotranspiration kunye ne-albedo, isixa samandla elanga abonakaliswe emva kwindawo engaphandle. Olu tshintsho luqhubela phambili ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwababhali, Izakhelo zemozulu kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ulawulo lomhlaba kunye nokugubungela kwawo ukuze uqikelelo luchane ngakumbi.
Ukubaluleka kwamahlathi kwi-ecosystem
Ngaphandle kwezityalo umntu akanalo ithuba, ke ngoko Kubalulekile ukuba amanyathelo ayimfuneko athatyathwe ukuze kuphetshwe ukuhlala kwisijikelezi-langa esiphantse sibe yintlango. Amahlathi anika okungakumbi kunemithi nje; Ziyindawo yokuhlala ebalulekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo, zilawula umjikelo wamanzi, kwaye zisebenze njenge-carbon sink, zinceda ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
Impembelelo yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kwizinto eziphilayo
Ilahleko yendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi yenye yezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu ezibeka emngciphekweni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zehlabathi. Rhoqo ngonyaka, amawaka eentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana aqhutyelwa esiphelweni sokuphela ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yindawo yazo yendalo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunciphisa amandla e-ecosystems ukuba abuyele kwiintlekele, okunegalelo kumjikelo wokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, kuMbindi Afrika, ukulahleka kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezinjengeegorila nee<em>chimpanzee kunciphisa amandla azo okukhula kwehlathi, njengoko ezi ntlobo zezityalo zifak’ isandla ekuhlwayelweni kwembewu nasekuvuseleleni umgangatho wehlathi ngokukhupha ilindle lazo. Ilahleko yezi zitshizi zibalulekileyo kunye nezisasazi zembewu zinefuthe elibi ukukhula kwezityalo ezitsha kunye nempilo ye-ecosystem.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi akubangeli nje igalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu ngokukhupha i-CO2 egciniweyo, kodwa nangokunciphisa amandla amahlathi okufunxa ngakumbi ikhabhoni. Enyanisweni, amahlathi asebenza njenge-carbon sinks, egcina isixa esikhulu se-CO2 kubo bonke ubomi babo. Xa zigawulwa, i-carbon egciniweyo ikhutshwa emoyeni, iqinisa i-greenhouse effect.
Ukucoca amahlathi ashinyeneyo, azezinye zezona ndawo zinekhabhoni etyebileyo emhlabeni, zikhupha ngaphezu koko. I-5.600 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zeegesi ze-greenhouse, nto leyo ephindaphindwe kane kunokukhutshwa komoya wehlabathi kunye namashishini enqanawa. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neAmazon, kubalela isixa esikhulu sokukhutshwa kweCO2 yehlabathi.
Izenzo zokulwa nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Ukunqanda ukugawulwa kwamahlathi yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo esinokuzithatha ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukugcina i-ecosystem yehlathi kunye nokubuyisela i-ecosystem eyonakeleyo kubalulekile ekugcineni i-carbon balance emoyeni. Apha ngezantsi zizicwangciso zokusombulula le ngxaki:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Ukuhlaziywa kwamahlathi kuquka ukutyalwa kwemithi kwiindawo egawulwe kuzo. Eli nyathelo linceda ukubuyisela iindawo zokuhlala kwaye libambe ngokufanelekileyo i-CO2.
- Ukukhuselwa kwamahlathi akhoyo: Kubalulekile ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo ekhusela amahlathi ekugawulweni ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokwandiswa kwezolimo.
- Khuthaza izenzo zezolimo ezizinzileyo: Ukukhuthaza ubugcisa obunciphisa imfuneko yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kwezolimo, njenge-agroforestry.
- Imfundo nokwazisa: Ukufundisa uluntu ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi nendlela ulondolozo lwawo oluchaphazela ngayo imozulu nomgangatho wobomi.
Iifoto zokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye neempembelelo zawo
Kubalulekile ukuba sonke sibe nolwazi ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi. Ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho efana nomthetho we-European Union ka-2022 ovala ukungeniswa kweemveliso ezinxulumene nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi linyathelo elihle. Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo oluntu lwemveli kunye nendima yalo kulawulo lwamahlathi kufuneka lubekwe phambili.
Ukongeza kwisenzo somthetho, umntu ngamnye angenza umahluko ngokukhetha iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nokuxhasa amanyathelo akhuthaza ukuzinza. Ukubuyiselwa okusebenzayo kwezinto eziphilayo zamahlathi kunokuquka ukulinywa kweentlobo zezityalo zomthonyama nokususwa kweentlobo ezihlaselayo.
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