Oko kwaqala ukusebenza Isivumelwano saseParis, Abezopolitiko kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele bathembise ukunqanda ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kuquka iCO2. Uqoqosho lwehlabathi lubonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukukhula ngaphandle kokukhupha iigesi ze-greenhouse ezininzi, ukususela Izinto ezikhutshwayo zehlabathi ziye zahlala zizinzile ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana.. Noko ke, phantse ikhulu lezazinzulu ziye zasebenza ukupapasha uhlolisiso olubonisa ukuba ukuqhushumba kwemethane (enye igesi yegreenhouse) kwiatmosfera yethu. isongela ngokutshabalalisa yonke into eyenziwayo kwidabi lokulwa utshintsho lwemozulu.
Irhasi yemethane
I-Methane, kunye ne-CO2 kunye ne-nitrogen oxide, yenye yeegesi eziphambili zokugcina izityalo. Nangona icarbon dioxide ikho umtyholwa we-80% yobushushu behlabathi, imigibe yemethane iphinda-phinde ama-28 kobushushu obuninzi. Okwangoku, okwangoku, uxinzelelo lwayo emoyeni lusezantsi kakhulu kunolo lwe-CO2. Ngelixa kugqithisile i-CO2 Amalungu angama-400 kwisigidi, imethane yafikelela kwi-1.834 kodwa kwiibhiliyoni zonke. Kwingxelo ebipapashiwe kwimethane, kufunyaniswe ukuba kangangeminyaka apho uzinzo lweemethane lwaluzinzile, kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo baqala ukukhula kwakhona kwaye khange benze njalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Phakathi konyaka we-2006 nowama-2015 ukunyuka kwayo kuyanda emoyeni iye yanda ngama-20 amaxesha. Imethane eninzi iye yakhutshelwa emoyeni kangangokuba umjikelo wendalo wokutsalwa kwerhasi awunaxesha lokuyifunxa kwaye awukwazi ukuyifunxa.
Uzinzo lwamva nje ebesinalo kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo yokukhupha i-CO2 yahluke mpela kukonyuka okukhawulezileyo kunye nokukhawuleza kwemethane. Kwisifundo esenziwe, bamalunga nama-90 abaphandi abavela kumaziko angama-50. Le yeyona ngxelo ibanzi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yokuba ingakanani imethane ekwiatmosfera, ingakanani na ekhutshwayo kulo mjikelo nyaka ngamnye, kwaye zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo kule gesi yegreenhouse zivela phi. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqonda imvelaphi yokufudumala kwehlabathi ukulungisa le ngxaki kunye nobudlelwane bayo kunye ukukhutshwa kwemethane kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Nciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane
Imveliso yokutya inoxanduva lwesinye kwisithathu se. ISivumelwano saseParis sijolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kweCO2 ngokuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lwelizwe ngalinye. Nangona kunjalo, Imethane ayixoxwa kwaye yenye yeengxaki ezinzima Ukusukela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kweCO2 kunganceda ukuthintela ukonyuka kwe-2-degree kumndilili wobushushu behlabathi, sikwanayo negesi yemethane, ebamba ubushushu obuninzi kuneCO2. Ukuba ukuxinana kwale gesi emoyeni idlula kwi-1.900 ppb, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuya kuthintelwa yimpembelelo enamandla ye-greenhouse ye-CH4. Ndiyakhumbula ukuba ugxininiso lwangoku lukwi-1.834. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuthetha malunga umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi ukufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo ngokunxulumene ukukhutshwa kwemethane.
Ukuthintela ukunyuka kwamanqanaba amabini kubushushu behlabathi, akufuneki sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuphela, kodwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwemethane. Kwizigidi ezingama-558 zeetoni zemethane ezikhutshwa minyaka le, I-60,8% ibangelwe yimisebenzi yoluntu kwaye ezinye ziyimvelaphi yendalo (imigxobhozo, iintubi, i-geological methane, njl.njl.) Isinye kwisithathu sezinto ezikhutshwayo ze-anthropogenic zivela kwimfuyo kwaye, ngokukodwa, kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ye-2.500 yeebhiliyoni zeentloko zemfuyo eziquka iinkomo, iigusha kunye neebhokhwe, zondla isiqingatha soluntu. Yaye kukho izigidi zabantu abaxhomekeke kwirayisi ukuze baphile. Amadlelo erayisi anoxanduva lwe-9% yemethane engena emoyeni minyaka le, iqaqambisa imfuneko yokuqonda ukuba imveliso yezolimo inegalelo njani ukukhutshwa kwemethane kunye nengxaki yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Kukho eminye imithombo yoluntu, njengokulawulwa kwenkunkuma okanye ilindle elivelisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane kwaye elinokuncitshiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji. Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa indawo evelisiweyo kwimveliso yokutya inokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nolawulo kwimimandla emininzi. Enyanisweni, njengoko olu phononongo lubonisa, imfuyo kunye nezolimo ngamacandelo amabini anoxanduva lokunyuka kwangoku kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Kuyafuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo impembelelo yezolimo kwi ukukhutshwa kwemethane kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ingxaki kuko konke oku amazwe ahluphekayo, angenako ukuzixakekisa ngento esele inzima kubo, njengokubonelela uluntu ngezixhobo zokutya. Nangona imethane isoyikisa ngokuwenza buthathaka umlo ochasene notshintsho lwemozulu, ingxaki inokujika ibe lithuba, ukusukela oko Imethane ithatha kuphela iminyaka eli-10 emoyeni Enkosi kubukho beoksijini.
