Isigulo sokuphakama: Ngaba ngokwenene kukho ioksijini encinci kwiindawo eziphakamileyo?

Kwabo baye bafumana ithuba lokufumana ukunyuka ukuya iintaba eziphakamileyo, kuqhelekile ukuziva umzuzwana wobunzima bokuphefumla, loo mvakalelo "Ndiphelelwa ngumoya". Esi siganeko saziwa kakhulu njenge isifo sokuphakama okanye i-soroche, ukungahambi kakuhle komzimba okunokuthi kubonakale ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka intloko, ubuthathaka kunye nesicaphucaphu. Ngokufuthi, inkolelo exhaphakileyo yeyokuba ukungabikho kweoksijini luxanduva lokungakhululeki njengoko ukuphakama kunyuka.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba ayikho ioksijini enqongopheleyo, kodwa kunoko Uxinzelelo lomoya ejikeleze imizimba yethu. Ioksijini esemoyeni ihlala ihleli kwi-21%., kungakhathaliseki ukuphakama esizifumana sikuko. Ngoku, ukuba abakhweli kunye nabakhweli beentaba aboyisa iincopho ezifana ne Everest Basebenzisa iisilinda zeoksijini, kutheni le nto? Impendulo ixhomekeke kuxinzelelo lomoya kunye nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo amandla ethu okufunxa umoya.

Uxinzelelo lomoya lukuchaphazela njani ukungabikho komoya?

La uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ephantsi Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, imiphunga yethu kufuneka yenze umgudu omkhulu wokufunxa umoya kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ioksijini. Umzekelo, phezulu kwe EverestPhantse kwi-9,000 yeemitha ukuphakama, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yi-0.33 atmosphere, xa kuthelekiswa ne-1 atmospheric kwinqanaba lolwandle. Oku kuncipha koxinzelelo kuthetha ukuba umoya uba nzima kakhulu ukuwuphefumla. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokubunjwa kwe-atmosfera kunye nemisebenzi yayo, unokubonisana Oku kubhaliwe malunga ubume bomoya, ekwanceda ukuqonda ubudlelwane kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.

Phezulu kwe-Everest, i-alveoli yomphunga ayinakukhupha ioksijini eyaneleyo ukuba ihanjiswe kwigazi. Oku kunqongophala ngoyena nobangela weempawu zomzimba ezifunyanwa ngabakhweli, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu ezifana ne-pulmonary edema okanye i-myocardial infarction.

Singasebenzisa isifaniso ukuze siyiqonde ngcono le nto. Makhe siqwalasele a ivili lebhayisekile; Xa siyifutha, sinyusa uxinzelelo. Ngokufanayo, ukuphakama koxinzelelo lomoya, ioksijini eninzi iya kufumaneka kumthamo onikiweyo. Nangona umoya uhlala ufana, kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, umoya uyancipha ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, oku kuthetha ukuba nangona kukho ipesenti efanayo ye-oksijini emoyeni, inani leemolekyuli ze-oksijini ezikhoyo ziphantsi.

Ke xa ukwindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye uziva uphefumla kancinci, khumbula oko Asikuko ukuba kukho ukungabikho kweoksijini, kodwa awukwazi ukufunxa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ludlala indima ngayo kwimpilo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, sincoma inqaku kwi utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya.

Isiphumo sokuphakama kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric

Njengoko sinyuka, i uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luyancipha. Lo ngumbono osisiseko wokuqonda ukugula kobude. Ekufikeleleni kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingaphezu kwe-2,500 yeemitha, abantu abaninzi baqala ukufumana iimpawu ze-hypoxia ngenxa yolu xinzelelo oluphantsi. Ukwazi indlela iintaba ezenziwe ngayo kunokusinceda siwuqonde ngakumbi lo mcimbi; ndwendwela apha ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokusekwa kwe iintaba.

1. Ipesenti yeoksijini engaguqukiyo: Ukugxininiswa kweoksijini kuhlala kuhleli kwi-21% kwi-atmosfera yonke, ukusuka kumphezulu wolwandle ukuya kwiincopho eziphezulu kwiplanethi.
2. Ukuncipha koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric: Ukuphakama kwethu, umoya omncinci ukhona ngaphezu kwethu, obangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwehle kwaye, ngoko ke, umthamo womoya esinokuwuphefumla.

Impembelelo kumzimba womntu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo

Njengoko umphakamo usanda, amandla emizimba yethu okufunxa ioksijini ayancipha. Ukuqala kwi-2,500-3,000 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, abantu abaninzi baqala ukuba neempawu ezifana nezi:

• Ndidiniwe
• Intloko
• isiyezi kunye nesicaphucaphu
• I-Palpitations kunye ne-tachycardia
• ukucotha kokwetyisa

Ezi mpawu ziimpawu zokuba umzimba uyasokola ukuziqhelanisa nokuphakama. I-Tachycardia, okanye isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo, yenzeka ngenxa yokuba intliziyo izama ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kweoksijini ngokumpompa igazi elingakumbi. Ukujonga ngakumbi malunga nezinto ezinomdla kwi IAurora borealis, ungandwendwela .

Iindlela zokuziqhelanisa nokuphakama okugqithisileyo

Uninzi lwe abakhweli bentaba Abo bajongana neentaba eziphakamileyo zisebenzisa iibhotile ze-oksijini ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yokunciphisa kakhulu kwi-oksijini ekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, bahamba nenkqubo ye ukuqhelanisa Ngaphambi kokuba unyukele kwii-summit, udlula kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezifana ne-3,000 ukuya kwi-6,000 yeemitha ukuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba ulungelelanise. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela iintaba ezenziwe ngayo, unokubonisana Oku kubhaliwe kwaye uqonde umphumo woxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kwi ukuphakama.

Ngethuba le nkqubo, umzimba ukwandisa imveliso hemoglobin, iproteni ekhoyo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinoxanduva lokuthutha ioksijini. Oku kuziqhelanisa kubalulekile ukulwa neziphumo ze-hypoxia.

Amaqhinga othintelo kunye nonyango lwesigulo esiphakamileyo

Ukunyuka kancinci kancinci sesinye sezona zicwangciso zingcono zokuthintela ukugula komphakamo. Ukuvumela umzimba ukuba uziqhelanise ngokuthe ngcembe nokuncipha kweoksijini kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neempawu ezinzima. Apha ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso, ezikwanxulumene noxinzelelo lomoya kwi ukuphakama:

• Musa ukwandisa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwe-300 ukuya kwi-500 yeemitha ngosuku..
• Ukuchitha ixesha kwimiphakamo ephakathi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokunyuka.

Ukuba iimpawu zobuthathaka zifunyenwe, yeka ukunyuka kwaye uphumle. Kuba iimpawu ezinzima ngakumbi, amayeza ezifana i-acetazolamide kunye ne-dexamethasone Zinokuba luncedo, kodwa zihlala phantsi kweliso likagqirha. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-ecosystem kunye nobudlelwane bayo nokuphakama kwesi sixhobo, apho kukhankanywa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.

Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, yehla uye kwiindawo ezisezantsi Lolona nyango lusebenzayo. Oku kuvumela uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ukuba lunyuke kwaye luququzelele ukufunxwa kweoksijini ngemiphunga. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijeni eyongezelelweyo kuyacetyiswa ngexesha lokuhla ukuzinzisa umntu ochaphazelekayo.

Iingxaki zesigulo sokuphakama

Iingxaki ezinzima kakhulu ezinxulumene nesifo sokuphakama ziquka:

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-cerebral edema (HACE)

I-HACE yenzeka xa ubuchopho budumba ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini, ebonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudideka
• Ukulahleka kolungelelwaniso
• Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-coma

Ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezisezantsi, kunye neoksijini kunye nolawulo lwe-dexamethasone, kubalulekile. Okungakumbi malunga neziphumo zokuphakama kungafunyanwa kwi Oku kubhaliwe, ekwathetha ngoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.

I-High Altitude pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

I-HAPE ibonakala ngokufumba kolwelo emiphungeni kwaye inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Khohlela
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Imvakalelo eqinile esifubeni

Unyango oluphambili kukuhla ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezisezantsi, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-oxygen. Ulwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu lunokuba luncedo ekuqondeni ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukunyanga ezi ngxaki ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo; unokufunda ngayo apha.

Amanyathelo angxamisekileyo

Ukuba iingxaki ezinzima ezifana ne-HACE okanye i-HAPE zenzeka, kubalulekile ukuba usebenze ngokukhawuleza. Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo inokuzinzisa okwethutyana isigulana, kodwa ukuhla ukuya kwindawo esezantsi kubalulekile ukuze sichache. Kwiimeko apho ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kungenakwenzeka, a bag hyperbaric ukulinganisa iimeko ezisezantsi zokuphakama kunye nokubonelela ngesiqabu sexeshana.

Imiba yomngcipheko kunye nokuba sengozini komntu ngamnye

Isantya umntu anyuke ngaso ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo singumngcipheko obalulekileyo wokuphuhlisa ukugula kobude. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza akuvumeli umzimba ukuba uvumelane ngokufanelekileyo, ukwandisa amathuba okuba neempawu. Ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka:

• Ukuphakama kokuqala: Abantu abahlala kumphakamo wolwandle batyekele kakhulu ekuguleni kobude xa kuthelekiswa nabo bahlala kwindawo ephakathi.
• Umda: Ukuba sesichengeni sesigulo sobude buchasene nobudala; Abantu abancinci badla ngokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi.
• Imeko yomzimba kunye namava: Indlela umzimba osabela ngayo kwisigulo sobude bunokwahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nemfuza kunye nokomelela komzimba.

Kubalulekile ukuba abo baceba ukunyukela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo baqaphele ezi zinto kwaye balungiselele ngokufanelekileyo, okubandakanya ukwaziswa malunga nemiphumo yabo yempilo enokubakho, njengoko unokufunda kweli nqaku malunga. ukungabikho kwekhephu.

Imithombo yolwazi malunga nokugula kobude

Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo ezibonelela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nesifo esiphakamileyo kunye nendlela yokukhusela. Ezi ziquka izifundo zenzululwazi, amanqaku ezempilo, nobungqina obuvela kubakhweli bentaba abanamava abaye bajamelana nezi ngxaki. Ezinye zezi zibonelelo ziquka:

• Indlela ukungabikho kweoksijini kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kuchaphazela ngayo
• Yintoni kanye nendlela yokuphepha ngayo
• Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kunye nokwahluka kwe-oxygen ekuphakameni

Imfundo kunye nokulungiselela ngundoqo ekunciphiseni iingozi ezinxulumene nesifo esiphakamileyo kunye nokonwabela amava okunyuka intaba kubo bonke ubukhazikhazi bako.