Ukuba ixesha elithile elidlulileyo kwi blog Besithetha malunga nokuba, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emhlabeni, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunokuba sisiphithiphithi kunesiqhelo, isifundo esitsha esipapashwe kwijenali yeClimatic Change sibonisa ukuba kumashumi eminyaka ezayo kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuthatha uhambo.
Kwaye, ukuba uyafuna ukuyenza, kuya kufuneka uhambe nobunzima obuncinci; Ngaphandle koko inqwelomoya iya kulibaziseka okanye irhoxisiwe. Ngoba?
Njengoko umoya ufudumala, uyakhula kwaye ukuxinana kwawo kuncipha. Ngenxa yokuba ikhaphukhaphu, amaphiko avelisa amandla amancinci njengoko inqwelomoya ibaleka kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Ke, kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwimodeli yenqwelomoya kunye nobude bomgaqo weenqwelomoya ngokwawo, phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-30% yeenqwelomoya ezilayishiwe aziyi kuba nakho ukusuka ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu.
Umbhali okhokelayo wokufunda u-Ethan Coffel, PhD, ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, uthe, "Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukuncitshiswa kobunzima kunokunyanzelisa. Iindleko ezingabalulekanga kwiinqwelomoya kunye nefuthe kwimisebenzi yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya emhlabeni jikelele".
Iqondo lobushushu lehlabathi liphela linokunyuka liye phezulu I-3 degrees Celsius ngonyaka wama-2100, Okwangoku, amaza obushushu aya kuba rhoqo, ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu i-4 ukuya kwi-8 degrees ephezulu kunesiqhelo ukuqala ngo-2080. La maza obushushu ngawona aya kuthi abangele ezona ngxaki kwilizwe eliya lixhuma.
Yiyo loo nto, ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunganciphiswanga, Umthamo wepetroli kunye nobunzima bokulayisha kuya kufuneka bucuthwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4% kwezona ntsuku zishushu kwezinye iinqwelomoya. Ukuba ziyancitshiswa zibe zincinci, kwaye ngokukhawuleza, kuphela ukunciphisa ubunzima be-0,5% kuya kufuneka, ngokutsho kophando.
La ubudlelwane phakathi kweenqwelomoya kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu Yindlela-ndlela ezimbini: ngelixa inqwelomoya inegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu ngokukhutshwa kwayo, ukuguquka kwemozulu, ngako oko, kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweenqwelomoya kunye nokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ishishini lezomoya lithathe amanyathelo okunciphisa impembelelo yalo yokusingqongileyo kwaye lilungele imingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Oku kuquka uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izibaso zenqwelomoya, kunye nokuphuculwa kwemisebenzi yezophapho. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ziqala ukwenza iindlela zokubhabha ukuze zicuthe umgama kunye nexesha lokubhabha, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelomoya, kwaye zamkele iinkqubo zenqwelomoya ezicutha ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha. Unokufumana ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko kwinqaku lethu ifuthe lenqwelo moya kokusingqongileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lukwachaphazela ukhuseleko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokunyuka kweemeko zemozulu ezimandundu, nto leyo eyandisa imingcipheko kwiinqwelomoya. Ngaloo ndlela, i Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe ngezoPhapho kuLuntu (ICAO) kunye I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezoPhapho lwaseYurophu (EASA) baye baqalisa izifundo kunye neenzame zokuqikelela kunye nokunciphisa le mingcipheko.
Ingxelo eyapapashwa yi-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ichaza ukuba sihlandlo ngasinye unyuka umlinganiselo wobushushu bomoya kumphezulu wesi sijikelezi-langa ukhulisa imiphumo yemozulu embi, njengezaqhwithi, iinkanyamba, amaza obushushu, izantyalantyala zemvula, izikhukula nembalela. Oku kuneempembelelo ezithe ngqo ekusebenzeni kwenqwelomoya, ukufaneleka kwenqwelomoya, kunye nokhuseleko lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya.
- Ukunyuswa kwezithintelo zobunzima kwiinqwelomoya ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu.
- Ukonyuka kokuphindaphinda kunye nobunzulu beziganeko zemeteorological ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lokubhabha.
- Utshintsho kwiipateni zomoya ezichaphazela iindlela zomoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
Uphando lukwabonisa ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezikwindawo ephakamileyo okanye ngeentsuku ezishushu kunokukhokelela ekurhoxisweni kwenqwelomoya okanye kuhlengahlengiso. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya kufuneka zilungele ukuhlengahlengisa imisebenzi yazo ngokusekelwe kukutshintsha kweemeko zemozulu.
Ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kubangela esinye isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kwiinqwelomoya, ngakumbi izikhululo zeenqwelomoya eziselunxwemeni. Izikhukula ezibangelwa zizaqhwithi, izaqhwithi, nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kusongela ukufikelela nokusebenza kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kwizixeko ezikwiindawo ezisesichengeni. Ukucwangciswa okusebenzayo kwezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezitsha kule mimandla kufuna ulwazi lwamanzi, iklimati, kunye nolwazi lobugcisa.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukhokelela kwiinqwelomoya ukuba ziqwalasele amacebo amatsha okulungelelanisa imisebenzi yazo. Umzekelo, i NASA kunye neminye imibutho yophando isebenza kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu obuya kuvumela isiphithiphithi kunye nezinye iziganeko ze-atmospheric ukuba ziqikelelwe ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi. Oku kuquka uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokubeka iliso kwimozulu ephucukileyo ukuze kuphuculwe uqikelelo lwesiphithiphithi kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwiinqwelomoya.
Kubalulekile ukuba ishishini leenqwelo moya liphumeze izenzo ezizinzileyo kwaye liqhubeke nophando kwaye liziqhelanise nokutshintsha kweemeko zemozulu. Oku akuyi kuphucula nje kuphela ukomelela kweli shishini, kodwa kuya kuncedisa ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yalo kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Ishishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya linokuxhamla kwintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukwabelana ngezona ndlela zilungileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemozulu eguqukayo. Iinqwelo-moya zinokuthi, umzekelo, zisebenze noorhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukukhuthaza isakhelo esilawulayo esixhasa ukutsha kunye nokuzinza.
Iinqwelomoya ziguqukela kumafutha azinzileyo kunye nezicwangciso ze-carbon offset zokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenqwelomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zisombululo zisekwinqanaba lophuhliso kwaye ukuphunyezwa okukhulu kunokuthatha iminyaka. Njengoko impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kuphapho ibonakala ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukuba abadlali boshishino baqwalasele uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo ukuqinisekisa ikamva lothutho lomoya.
Njengoko siqhubeka nokujongana nehlabathi elifudumeleyo, imiceli mngeni yeenqwelomoya iya kuqhubeka nokuvela. Isitshixo siya kuba silungelelaniso kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ukwenza iinqwelomoya zikhuseleke kwaye zisebenze ngokusemandleni kwimeko yemozulu ehlala iguquka. Ishishini kufuneka lisebenzele ukucutha ubukho bekhabhoni ngelixa liziqhelanisa neepatheni zemozulu ezintsha ezivelayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, liqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Kubalulekile ukuba kungekuphela nje iinqwelo-moya kunye nabavelisi beenqwelo-moya abathatha inyathelo lokujongana nale mingeni, kodwa ukuba abathengi nabo banolwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo kokuhamba komoya kunye namanyathelo axhasayo afuna ukuwanciphisa. Kulo mxholo, ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nendlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo iindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, kubalulekile ekuveliseni utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela esihamba ngayo.
Inqwelomoya, njengalo naliphi na elinye icandelo, kufuneka iguquke kwaye ilungelelanise. Ingxaki yemozulu esijongene nayo ifuna iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo nezisebenzayo, kwaye ishishini leenqwelomoya kufuneka libe yinxalenye yesisombululo sexesha elide, lithatha indima noxanduva lwalo ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa uthutho lomoya oluzinzileyo nolukhuselekileyo lwexesha elizayo.
