Ukunyuka kwe amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ibangela uthotho lwe iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ubukhulu obukhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ezi ngxaki ziquka iziganeko zemozulu ezimbi, kuquka imbalela, amaza obushushu e izikhukula, eziya zisiba qatha ngakumbi.
Uphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe liqela lezenzululwazi le Iziko lasePotsdam loPhando loTshintsho lweMozulu (eJamani) baye batyhila ukuba ukwanda okusesikweni I-0,5 isidanga esiphakathi Kwanele ukwenza iimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zigqithise. Olu phononongo lupapashwe kwijenali Uhlobo lweTshintsho lwemozulu.
Abaphandi bahlalutya amaqondo obushushu oMhlaba ngamaxesha amabini: ukususela ngo-1960 ukuya ku-1979, nango-1991 ukuya kutsho ngo-2010. Umzekelo, imvula enkulu iye yanda phantse 10% kwikota yesijikelezi-langa namaza obushushu aye athabatha umlinganiselo weveki ubude kwisiqingatha semimandla yomhlaba. Yena ukwanda kobushushu izisa iziphumo ezibi kwezolimo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyilungisa, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nezo zifumaneka kuzo i-tundra yaseAlaska.
Olu tshintsho kwimozulu ngaphaya kokuguquguquka kwendalo. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe iifosili, kunye nokungcoliswa komhlaba, ulwandle nomoya, kunegalelo elikhulu ekuwohlokeni kweemeko zemozulu. Ukuba akuthatyathwa manyathelo angxamisekileyo, ikamva lesi sijikelezi-langa linokuba sengozini, lide libeke ubomi bethu esichengeni. Iingcali zilumkisa ngelithi siya kujongana ngakumbi nangakumbi isivuno esibi, ukuncipha kwi unikezelo lwamanzi okusela kunye namaza obushushu obugqithisileyo, obunxulumene ne izoyikiso kwiintlango.
Ngaphezu koko, iingqaqa zekorale, eziyimfuneko kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, zisengozini. Ukwenziwa kweasidi yolwandle kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu amanzi kuye kwayenza buthathaka le mixokelelwano yendalo, exhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile ukuze iphile. Ulwandle olufudumeleyo noluneasidi ngakumbi luyingozi kwiikorale, njengoko zifuna cal ukwenza izakhiwo zabo. Le meko ikwabonisa indlela imo iyatshintsha Ichaphazela ezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle, ezifana nofudo, olujongene nemingeni emikhulu.
Ukuba ukungasebenzi kuyaqhubeka, sinokubona iplanethi eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba xa kufikelelwa kwimilinganiselo ethile yobushushu, imiphumo ayinakuguqulwa.
Ukungena nzulu kwesi sihloko, nqakraza apha.
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye neempembelelo zayo
Isayensi icacile: kukho ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kwe ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokwanda kwamaza kunye nobunzulu bezehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo. Oku kukhokelele kwizifundo ezininzi, kuquka nezo ziqhutywa ziZizwe eziManyeneyo, ezigxininisa imfuneko yokunciphisa ukunyuka kobushushu behlabathi ukuya ngaphantsi kwe. 2 ° C xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angaphambi kwamashishini ukuphepha iziphumo ezimbi kakhulu zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kulo mxholo, imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka igxile ekunciphiseni kutshintsha kwe mozulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi, njengoko kungqinwe kwi Alemania.
Ngokutsho kwe Isivumelwano saseParis, amazwe azibophelele ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ukugcina ubushushu behlabathi bungaphantsi kwe-2°C nokuqhubeka neenzame zabo zokuyinciphisa 1.5 ° C. Oku kuzibophelela kuye kwangxamiseka ngakumbi phambi kobungqina bokuba yonke inxalenye eyongezelelweyo yeqondo lokufudumala lizisa iingozi ezinkulu yeziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu, kuquka imbalela, imililo yamahlathi kunye nezikhukula, eziya zisanda kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ukusukela ngo-2000, inani lezehlo zemozulu ezimandundu liye lisanda, libonisa unxulumano oluthe ngqo nokunyuka komndilili wobushushu behlabathi. Ukwanda kwe ulwandle, iyanyibilika i-polarization ekhawulezileyo kunye nokufuduka ngenkani zezinye zeziphumo esele zibonwa. Umkhwa we ukwanda kweziganeko ezigqithisileyo Kuyothusa, kwaye kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza inokunceda ukuziqhelanisa.
Ukutshintsha kweMozulu eSpeyin
Kufuphi nekhaya, iSpain ijongene nefuthe elibi lokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-60, amaqondo obushushu elizwe aye anda ngokomlinganiselo 0,3 °C ngeminyaka elishumi, izinga eliphezulu kunomlinganiselo wehlabathi. Olu lwando lubangele ukwanda rhoqo amaza obushushu y imbalela, okukhokelele ekunyukeni koxinzelelo kwimithombo yamanzi kunye nokuncipha kwemveliso yezolimo. Imeko yangoku ifuna ingqalelo, ngakumbi kumxholo we ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu eSpain nolwalamano lwakhe naye ifuthe kwimpilo yoluntu.
Las ulandelelwano lweklimati Iziganeko ezazifudula zizimele geqe ngoku zixhaphake kakhulu, nembalela ethathe ixesha elide ichaphazela ezolimo kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi. Oku akubangeli umngeni wokusingqongileyo kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ngokwezoqoqosho y zentlalo, ebonakaliswa ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya, kunye nomngcipheko wobuhlwempu bamanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Iimeko zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza kulo mba.
Uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo lucebisa ukuba, ukuba amanyathelo asebenzayo awathathwa, umndilili wobushushu eSpain unokunyuka phakathi 3 kunye no-5 °C ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, eziya kuba neziphumo ezibi kwi-ecosystem kunye noluntu lwabantu. Lo mzekelo ugxininisa ukungxamiseka kokusombulula le kutshintsha kwe mozulu ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi emva kokujonga izixeko ezinokunyamalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, njengoko kubonisiwe izixeko ezisemngciphekweni.
Amanyathelo okuNciphisa iNguqu yeMozulu
Ngenxa yokungxamiseka kokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubalulekile ukuba bobabini oorhulumente kunye noluntu bathathe amanyathelo okunciphisa iziphumo zako. Nciphisa i Ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe amandla ahlaziyekayo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo. Utshintsho oluya kumzekelo wamandla ozinzileyo aluyi kuba negalelo kuphela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kodwa lunokuvelisa amathuba amatsha emisebenzi kwaye lukhuthaze uqoqosho olungcono. Kubalulekile ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene ne uzinzo lubanzi kwaye oko kubandakanya lonke uluntu.
ESpain, Amandla kunye neSicwangciso seMozulu 2021-2030 ibeka iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo zokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokukhuthaza uzinzo. Utyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe obucocekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kubalulekile ukuze kuphunyezwe ezi njongo, ingakumbi kwimeko yenkxalabo ekhulayo malunga izikhukhula ezizayo.
Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuziqhelanisa kwiinguqu esele zingenakuphepheka. Oku kuquka ukuphumeza izicwangciso-qhinga zolawulo lobutyebi bamanzi, ukubuyisela inkqubo yendalo ephilayo, nokwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezikhukula nembalela. Imfundo kunye nokwazisa malunga nale nto ngundoqo ekuhlanganiseni uluntu kwizenzo ezihlangeneyo. Uluntu maluxelelwe malunga nokuba njani ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle zinokuwachaphazela, sicinga ngezifundo esimele sizifunde kwiziganeko zangoku.
Amaphulo asekuhlaleni, anjengokutyalwa ngokutsha kwamahlathi kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, anokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Ezi projekthi azincedi nje kuphela ukuthomalalisa utshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa zikwanceda uluntu lwengingqi ngokukhusela ubomi babo kunye nokukhuthaza ubumbano loluntu. Iinkqubo ezizinzileyo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, zingundoqo kwikamva elingcono.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yohlengahlengiso kunye nokunciphisa kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokubambisana, kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuneka kube yinto ephambili. Ukusebenza kwezi zicwangciso kuya kuxhomekeka kwintsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente, amashishini nabemi. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu athathe inxaxheba kumlo ochaseneyo ingxaki yemozulu.
Kusenokwenzeka ukubuyisela umva omnye womonakalo obangelwe kukutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye uthintele ekubeni ube yintlekele engenakulungiseka. Ithemba lilele kwisenzo esihlangeneyo kunye nokwamkelwa kweparadigm entsha ebeka phambili impilo yeplanethi phezu kwenzuzo ekhawulezayo.
